The fifth Fortune Brainstorm Health conference will be held April 21-22, 2020 in Marina Del Rey, CA

Brainstorm Health 2019

Our final guest this afternoon is an award winning actress and single mother, who also is a breast cancer survivor. She portrayed tough as nails characters in the wildly successful TV show The Sopranos and Nurse Jackie and overcame her own real life battle for survival. To share her journey, please welcome Edie Falco with Arianna Huffington. [ APPLAUSE ] [ MUSIC ] Edie, thank you so much for being here to actually close These two days what a better there's no better way than having you here. I'm happy to be here. Beyond everything that you've done you have actually won a best actress Emmy for both drama and comedy. So I think we're going to cover everything in our conversation. We'll we have 20 legs. Drama and comedy, yes. [ LAUGH ] Why don't we start with drama? Since this is a health conference, and you're a cancer survivor Why don't we go back to that day in 2003? When you got your cancer diagnosis and you went straight back to work. Yeah, [ LAUGH ] yeah, that was a rough one. Let's see, I had the biopsy in the morning and was told that day That they had found cancer. And I remember I had to be at work at 1: 00. And you go into some hyper- reality with the way you remember things during times like that, is not like anything else. So it was very, I remember exactly what scene we shot and wanting to say what was going on, but also knowing I wasn't gonna tell anybody. So it was surreal And, then the first big decision you made and, after you went into remission a year later was to adopt the child [ LAUGH ] Which is what every cancer survivor does, right? What made you decide that? At that particular moment? Well, it's the fact that I was a cancer survivor That's what it was that previous to being diagnosed. I guess I never really thought I would have kids but I had been in a number of relationships that looked like that where we were really headed and then the cancer thing kicked in and I was single. Once I realized I wasn't gonna die from it, it really was like a light on like I have to do this now, I got to get on this. So I'd known [ UNKNOWN ] who told me, if you wanna adopt, let me know, I'll tell you how to do it and that's how it all started. So [ UNKNOWN ] love that because it's like saying this is important to me, and I'm not going to wait to have the perfect man in my life, or to have a bigger house, or anything. It was just time. And so you now have two children, 14 and 11. Right. And backstage in the green room, I heard you Talk to them because you are flying back to New York to be with them and saying to them, no I'm not bringing you anything this time. [ LAUGH ] You brought us a present, right? [ LAUGH ] Emily, no very cute. I identify So another anniversary that you celebrated last weekend was sobriety 27- years? Yeah. So you see drama and comedy so what was that [ UNKNOWN ] That was comedy product. What does that journey like? I gone to college for the bunch of alcoholics, really. [ LAUGH ] But a bunch of actors, and it was a lot of partying, and it was all fun and game. But then when we all left college, some of us were not able to Put it away. And I come from a long line of addicts and my family and became clear pretty quickly that this was already had grabbed me, had a hold on me. And a lot of my friends got sober first, they were showing me without showing me, they were showing me a different life. Without alcohol and they kinda walked me through it in the early days and now most of my very closest friends are sober people. And your ritual is to go to AA on your anniversary? Yeah But whether the rituals have sustained you Well, going to AA for a long time was very important to me. And that's shifted for me over the years. I bet you it would be great to go back. But I have other things. I'm in therapy. I've been in therapy for a very long time. Huge part of my life, huge help to me on many levels. But I'm also a Buddhist. Where meditation's a big part of my life, and the rituals and the prayers that we have in the classes that I take. Very very meaningful. We appear to be a species where ritual has some meaning and importance or I will speak for myself that I do So it's interesting because a Buddhist monk, Thich Nhat H ��� nh, said something very meaningful about a growing addiction to technology, which we've been talking about this afternoon. He said it has never been easier to run away from ourselves. So sure. And so in a sense, by creating these rituals you stay connected with yourself and what has meaning for you. I'm so glad I was born when I was, because we didn't have the option of finding these other ways to disappear. My kids were born with I something in their hand. That's all they know. Making eye contact feels like they're Something realises another human in the room .>> So how do you feel about that as a parent ?>> I am of many minds about it. I could be one of these people with which my kids dont have TV they dont have any. You know what they are growing up in culture where everybody has them and. They do their homework on iPADs at school and there are class assignments around them and all communications take place. I dont know but as I was saying to you before I can't ask my elders, how did it go when I was a kid? I got away from all that technology. We just We're trying to find our way, me and all the parent groups at my kid's school. Talking about it all the time, try to set limits. Then they have this thing where you can guide what they states, it's very, very hard. It's basically the way I'm saying, it's hard and it's complicated. And it's hard for us too because you are in a profession where your energy Is regularly summoned to meet somewhere to perform on somebody else schedule. So how do you recharge yourself? Well the biggest thing is it still shocks me that I get to do what I get to do for a living because it's something I cherish. I just I love it and I feel like every day feels like a beginner cuz there's so many new things to learn about what I do. So I think the fact that I love this what I have to do to be there and perform it seems irrelevant, because I know how many people I love actor friends of mine who aren't working who are going through a rough time. People who will spend years and years in this business and just have a code break. I am the luckiest of the luckiest I am also little, I'm a nerd. I'm very good employee. So like I would show up on those I'm un prepared and I have a really, really good life. What you said reminds me of something you said in an interview, how gratitude is a regular practice for you and you never take things for granted. I mean, in AA they talk about an attitude of gratitude. And back when I was first hearing these things, you know, I was rolling my eyes cuz that didn't rhyme, didn't [ UNKNOWN ] It was making me nuts, but [ LAUGH ] And it was also I felt like something I had to work at. It was not where my brain went. I was raised by a certain type of individuals we're New Yorkers and the Italians from Brooklyn. It's like we don't walk around I'm so grateful. [ LAUGH ] [ LAUGH ] But. [ LAUGH ] For whatever reason through therapy but mostly I would than a and Buddhism, that you have a choice as to how you want to face each day and someplace along the line very organically. I wake up and I can't believe First of all, I survived cancer for heaven's sake you know and how many women I know my age that were diagnosed with cancer came to me knowing I'd been through it and I said. Listen, go and do whatever [ UNKNOWN ] you're supposed to do. One day, the day will come when you won't ever think about it, and they all died. Those women did not make it through, they have not had the same journey as me. I'm sitting here on the stage in San Diego, how could you not be grateful? I would imagine it would take energy to find something other than that So it's kind of interesting because these, everything your saying is really ancient wisdom. But it's validated by modern science. We had a panel this afternoon with professor Ryan Williams whose done a lot of research On the depressed and anxious brain, and how one of the pathways that leads you to depression or anxiety is negative bias. And in a sense gratitude, even though we can roll our eyes and say gratitude, is actually an intervention to stop negative bias, to stop you becoming depressed about your life. And sometimes it really is by the numbers People were given tasks such as before you go to bed, you make a list of five things you are grateful for. And again, you kinda kicking screen but after a while, it becomes habit and it's a place your brain goes to more habitually. So let's talk about the few of the possible recharging tools that we can now learn from What about your sleep? I was always ashamed of the fact that I needed a certain amount of sleep. And I'm a morning person, I'm really not a night person, and I go to bed early. I have kids who go to school, I'm up with them. And You know I'm in bed really early and I no longer make fun of myself because I need to get enough sleep again science validates you. Thank goodness, I love the story of when your son jump into bed with you when you're sleep deprived and what you did, you know. But yeah, when they were little, now you can you can't wake them up, it's time for school and you can't get them out of bed, but used to be they were up as soon the sun came up, I, [ UNKNOWN ] My son is so beautiful, he is such a handsome little boy, laying down and his little head came up to my head, I mean that's how Lily was. [ LAUGH ] I said I think I said if you don't go back to bed I'm gonna throw you downstairs I think that's what I said. [ LAUGH ] I know that he left [ LAUGH ] And when I woke up I thought no I didn't no did I really say that ?>> [ LAUGH ] And went and apologize to him and get it we've gotten through that [ UNKNOWN ] too many others After 20 years of therapy, he will deal with it. That seems right. He's already about six years in, so. So you don't do social media, which is rare for an incredibly successful actor like you. Tell us why. I just never did. I don't know, it's not I'm not, I don't think I'm addicted to my phone, only in so far as being single mom with two kids and needing to know where they are and all that stuff but I had a lot of practice being a person before those phones came along. So, I watch my daughter, she's growing up with all the same things every mothers talked about who has a daughter coming of age and it's time of the The the apps that fix the way you look and all this stuff and I don't believe that anything I've ever gotten in my life was as a result of the way I look or the way I presented myself to someone. And I feel like if I start to do social media, that maybe I'm not That i start to believe otherwise. I don't know maybe it doesn't make sense. I'm lazy that's what it is really. [ LAUGH ] I think it makes a lot of sense. How you write about it because as we are facing the crisis of young girls pre teen and teen Committing suicide in unprecedented numbers, depressed and anxious. Social media is playing a huge role, which is exactly what you said. The comparisons, how you look, what party you haven't been invited to. Yeah, it's It is very troubling and I remember being a teenager or a preteen like this very little, I'm gonna say to my daughter, well she'll be like gosh mom, thank you, I didn't think of that. [ LAUGH ] [ UNKNOWN ] [ LAUGH ] And she's not listening, it's like [ UNKNOWN ], so I do what I can to try to tell her my thoughts about this. Would have been gentle knowing she's gonna go through this the way she goes through it and tell her that you're beautiful and you're beautiful without makeup. And no, I'm not bringing you a present home. [ LAUGH ] So Lets us end on the afterlife. Don't you think that's a good thing all day am rich to end i have health confirms. So, you've said how being a Buddhist being a Buddhist has actually had to Manage your whole life. And one of the reasons is that I believe in the after life is part of Buddhism. And so it's given you more of a piece of mind, tell us more. Well, I'm 25 years into my studies of Buddhism and I'm still scartching the surface. It's really a fascinating Philosophy really based in science. But one of the things that you are taught. And I really struggled with for a long time. Is the idea that consciousness is ongoing since beginningless time. It will continue on long after this body is dead. And I didn't discipline myself to believe it. But over the years, It just makes more sense than anything I've ever heard. And something else I also have come to realized is everything that we believe at some point in our lives, we made a decision to believe that whether not we know it, whether or not it was conscious. Our parents said That family over there is me, and so [ UNKNOWN ] that family is me. And that just became part of your belief system but at some point, it was a decision. I have however, unconsciously, decided to believe in the idea of an ongoing consciousness. And as a result of the decision I made My life has changed for the better. Is it true? Can anyone say for sure that they know? I don't know that I can answer that but because of the beliefs that I have, the quality of my day to day life is better. I completely understand that because And as The Onion headline put it recently, death rate holds steady at 100 %. [ LAUGH ] We're all headed out. This may change after this conference but. [ LAUGH ] Given that that's the case it makes a big difference in terms of putting problems in perspective. Totally. In terms of how we Approach everything in our lives. And the idea of yeah, you just do whatever you want and go crazy cuz you're all gonna die in the end, but then you're born again. [ LAUGH ] And you got to deal with the mess you made, you know what I mean? Psychicly that imagine, if you're aiming towards something higher Like how would you behave differently today? And it's actually connected with the big conversation we've had here about AI and machine learning and data. And as they become more and more dominant, the one thing that we humans uniquely have Our ability to be compassionate and pathetic, and all the things that machines are never going to be. Right They may be more intelligent than we are but they are not gonna be more loving that we are. Right, I'm a little concerned about Pixar movies though I have to say. You are? Well, they're gonna put me in business, I have no doubt. [ LAUGH ] My children love them like cars and any of those Pixar movies are so They have so specifically and fastidiously been able to match the expressions of a human going through sadness. Let's say like the little eye movements and like a little dot of what looks like their eyes swelling up. And you're right, I mean the audience as a grown woman crying At a car who's upset because [ UNKNOWN ] run out of gas or whatever it is. [ LAUGH ] They gotten really, really good. I mean I don't, but this is based on the experienced of a living, breathing compassionate human. Right. But it's not a human on the screen, so it's complicated stuff It's complicated, but we want to end on an optimistic- Yes, but there will always be commercials. And also, there will always be a [ UNKNOWN ] bringing us home with the Humor and wisdom and I can't thank you enough on behalf of all of us. I'm happy to be here, thank you. [ APPLAUSE ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ]

Edie Falco Discusses Her Battle with Breast Cancer 

Health

She joins Arianna Huffington on stage at Brainstorm Health.


So we're incredibly honored to have Michael J. Fox, the Founder of The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, and Debi Brooks, who is the Co- Founder of the Foundation. And since it's inception in 2000, you have deployed $ 900 million or so for Parkinson's research, which is Extraordinary, that rivals the US government's spending on research. And that's really quite an unbelievable record. So the first question really is, you're a husband, a father of four, an actor, but you're also the face of a major disease. You're a face of Parkinson's disease and you're a champion for millions How do you navigate those roles and is there an overall strategy that allows you to say, okay, I'm going to go x to this moment and that? It's all be or now. It's just be in whatever role I'm playing or whatever situation I find myself in It just deal with that. And don't color it with all this other stuff. It's just, it's a way to deal with Parkinson's itself, is if I accept and I recognize and I look at it and I'm honest with it, and I just say " This is what it is ," then it's a certain size and shape and I can depend on it being that. It may expand and grow, but They can track it, keep track of it. If I don't recognize it and I don't accept it, it's just this amorphous blob of goo that just seeps into every cranny of my life and confuse things. And then I can't play the role of father or husband or actor or founder of the foundation, because I don't have any clarity. So it's just a matter of keeping things simple. One step at a time, one foot at a time and it carry's on. You talk about choices, there's this quote you said I have Parkensons that's not my choice but I have a thoussand other choices that I can make every day and I'm not going to let the one non choice weigh down the others. Right. Talk a little bit about, Well I think a lot of times my breakdown of life is choice and circumstance. And it's kind of chicken and egg what comes first. But let's say choice comes first. You make a choice, you find yourself in a circumstance. You now have other choices and they'll take you to different circumstances. And you make those choices and you hope for the best. But you gotta make the choice. You can't have the choice made for you because Because then your powerless and your drifting. But it's like one of those snake games, or Stratego of something. You put a peg here, and a peg here, and a peg here, and a peg here, and it forms a pattern. And that's your unique pattern based on choice and circumstance. When I found myself in the circumstance of I had the problems at the young age, it took me a while to absorb it and to accept it. But once I did, then [ UNKNOWN ] choice, as one of being to set the foundation and it's work out well. When you were 29 or 30 when you were first diagnosed, and it took a number of years before you felt comfortable coming out and talking about this disease Part of your challenge now, as this champion for research, is to get people to feel, hey, we need to come out right away and talk about it and be part of the research effort. How do you tell people that it's okay to talk about this? It's a really personal thing when people have it, you have [ UNKNOWN ] An Expression of the world, the disease. I noticed at 29, [ PAUSE ] I first had symptoms. I'm now 58. 58 is the age of the average First diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, so I'm now caught up with it. I'm now there. And it's no different in a lot of ways in the first day in that it is what it is. You gotta accept it and go on. But given that what We were a foundation that was cofounded by a patient. We were patient oriented. When we first started the position of Parkinson's what that it a disease of the elderly and certainly a portion of the patients that has Parkinson's are of that age. And the younger people that had Parkinson's were not comfortable coming out to their bosses, coming out, Friends and so they can be reserved, so we knew we had a job early on. To motivate patients to be agents in their own rescue. Do you find that patients are becoming more integral to the research in general? Absolutely. Parkinson patients, we're the experts on what we have. You can meet 10, 000 scientists and researchers But unless they have Parkinson's, they read all the books in the world and dissect all the brains in the world and do all that stuff they won't know what it's like to have Parkinson's. And so we have a responsibility as patients, if we expect these people to do what we need them to do, they need to be fully informed on our experience. They need to be informed on what What works with us, what we respond to. What we could contribute to the patients. Wearables that measure a certain aspects of their daily routines. Patient involvement in things and trying to find a buyer marker. So patients are a huge part of what we do. It's exciting, you know. Fortune brainstorm health is really about the intersection of biology and medicine and technology, and the idea of wearables is a new thing. Being able to identify symptoms in real time. What excites you now, what's on the agenda? We've actually had a handful of recent drug approvals, and that's been great news. They've been focused on. Treating symptoms that previously weren't really well managed by the drugs that we already have for the Parkinson's patients. But we still don't have anything that has been proven to interfere with the underlying disease itself. And a lot of that challenge comes from us really not being able to objectively say what is Parkinson's And so to be able to engage the patient community And have them be part of unpacking this very complex disease by being part of research. When you think about doing things like being able to put a wristwatch on a Parkinson's patient and a cell phone in their pocket, And then collect terabytes worth of data every day about their movements, and then add that to the patient's reported self experience. These are the kinda things that we think can really chip away at, if not break through this lack of disease understanding. And so, it's one of the ways in which We think it's really important to bring patients in but its also one of the ways that we leverage the state of science today. The state of technology today. And the state of how we engage with patients that is facilitated by things like our digital platforms and stuff. What surprises you now looking back about where we're at in Parkinsons I had such optimism and energy, and so I would wrap this up in five years, ten years, get it done. And I didn't realize that we were starting with Kitty Hawk and we wanted to build the space shuttle. And we knew that pretty early on that we had to rebuild the machine, in a sense. And We made investments in certain places and we realized their wasn't communication between the researchers and they weren't sharing information. And [ UNKNOWN ] and everybody, we just realized we needed to get a big pile of knowledge and then have people that Need it, can we get it when we need it? And be able to use it and exploit it. And that's been our big thing, and then it comes to a patient thing we have what was all this information. This clinical information, but unless we have the patients experience and the patients input it doesn't mean anything. I mean That's the match that starts the fire. You get a big pile of stuff and then you need the patient to light the fire. And to be a part of finding the answer. I'm so grateful for all the people, patients and their families, and the scientific community and pharmaceutical and everyone needs to embrace this challenge its mean so much to me. what suprises you about yourself i mean you have had parkinson since 1991 what suprises you about what you can do now >>> im still standing i found a way that To, like I said, just find a way to keep it in proportion and find ways to flourish in any areas that doesn't affect me. Doesn't reach every part of my life. It reaches certainly the way I move, the way I walk, the way I I mean a loss, [ INAUDIBLE ] there are losses but there are equivalent games whether it's in the inside or experience or exposure to people that I wouldn't otherwise meet being incredibly privileged to see progress being made and we obviously really think that if we [ INAUDIBLE ] I'm gonna be around for the moment that it That's expressed publicly, but I love to hang in as long as I can in a comfortable way and guide it along. Debbie and I were talking earlier about this challenge, because donors Always want the cure right? They always want you to push for the cure but they want it to be right on the cusp of the breakthrough. But obviously this is a marathon. I think a breakthrough we're probably gonna [ UNKNOWN ] and correct me. But an attainable goal is to identify the disease. Before its manifest. And in that way we can treat it prophylactically and it won't progress and there'll be no symptoms and no progression. So, Debby, Parkinson's is unusual in the sense it seems to be a constillation of different diseases perhaps or different Factors that create a single disease entity. I think most scientists and physicians think that Parkinson's is a broad syndrome, but it's definitely referred to as a complex disease. We know multiple ways in which people can get Parkinson's. And it presents itself in a highly varied way patient to patient people respond to medications quite, with great difference and so, we know it's complex and this is one of the challenges that we've had, is how do we think about prioritizing treatments against what part of Parkinson's Disease? And so, when I think of one of the things that's changed pretty dramatically since the foundation started Is we have a much fuller picture of what we think Parkinson's is today. We've gone from thinking about the disease as a movement disorder defined by the classic rest tremor and toughness and difficulty in walking. We see it so much more broadly today. We know that Patients are experiencing challenges with mood. We know patients are experiencing challenges with their GI Tract. We know that there can be subtle challenges with cognition and executive function. People have depression. There are just so many elements to the disease that aren't just the classic motor features. And that's really helped. Those insights have led to more drug development around managing some of these untreated symptoms. And that's been helpful. And not that long ago you discovered some genes that were associated with the disease in part because of the research money that you have deployed. We have found genes that we know can cause the disease in extremely rare cases, and of course we've found other genes that we know Dramatically increased the risks that someone can get Parkinson's disease. And so these findings have led to entirely new areas of inquiry, and that's been fantastic. The drug development landscape today has been transformed, and a lot of it is due to having found new targets. It's brought Pharma back in. And as you pointed out, we learn about these targets from studying the disease in patients. And this is still an area where there's a conversation going on with patients and families. It's kind of news to people that there can be genetic risk factors and it's still something that's working through families to understand. Do they wanna know and can they participate in research and participate In drug trials based on this news. You just got a tatto at age 57 for the first [ UNKNOWN ]. It was New Year's 1999 into 2000 and I went swimming and I saw a turtle. And it was kind of a damaged little turtle. And I followed him around for a while. And I came out and I decided to start the foundation. That's amazing. Swimming through five hoops. Five decades. Five decades? And it's just emerging, the idea of emerging and coming into something new all the time. [ BLANK_AUDIO ]

The Michael J. Fox Foundation Continues to Work Towards a Cure for Parkinson's

The actor, along with the Foundations' co-founder Deborah Brooks, sits down with Fortune.

A Look at Why Measuring Health Matters 

Leaders of pharma, health systems, and payers explain how the right data can move the needle.

Radical Approaches to Alzheimer's and the Journey to Curing It

Mei Mei Hu, United Neuroscience CEO, and Dr. Paul Alan Cox, Brain Chemistry Labs CEO, discuss their experience and research with Alzheimer’s and their approach to curing the disease. 

Maybe you are a Harvard trained lawyer who worked at a white shoe law firm, Uh, cravats or anymore? Paul, you're an ethnobotanist, which means you study at no botany. And yet the two of you have found yourself on the cutting edge of Alzheimer's research here. Really? Not only taking on some traditional science, but really innovating on that front. How did that happen? Maybe let me start with you. Um, yeah. I mean, a bit of admits that in the industry, I think, like most things, have you asked entrepreneurs sometimes So they really want do. And sometimes that's the course that life unfold. So for me personally, I never thought I'd be in Alzheimer's. Uh, we actually cut our teeth in animal health vaccines. So what did you tell me last night? Just to be very specific What you learned. What about that? About the pigs? That So we developed the vaccine platform and one of our first vaccines that we proved our concept with was basically immuno castration. So we're really good at cutting off balls of twine. And that's how we decided that we're gonna movinto Alzheimer's. So that's a natural progression. Exactly. Okay. All right. And Paul, how did you get into this? Uh, well, as Ethnobotanist working with healers and Sam Oh, I discovered a new major drug candid for HIV AIDS got very closely emotionally attached to the patient's. Once that was launched, moving a glacial speed through the pharmaceutical pipeline. I wanted to find something else, so we chose a less on Alzheimer's. In fact, the whole tangled diseases looking at a village in Guam where the poor Villagers have all the neuropathology of A L s, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. And the symptoms, too. So just to talk about the tangle, so there are two hallmarks of Alzheimer's. You've got your amyloid beta amyloid, these clumps of protein that gather in the brain and aggregate. Another part of this is this neural fibula Larry Tangles called tau protein, and they also seem to be involved in killing their own. And yet, for all the really good science that we have on this, none of the efforts to tackle either of those problems has proved very effective. Paul. Yeah. I mean, there's been about 500 different clinical trials focused on trying to break apart amyloid. There's great mouse models that overproduced amyloid. So the ideas, if you could work in the mouth, can you bring in the clinic? And I think none of us taking enjoy that. Pfizer's out, Bajans out, Merc's out. Lily's out. I mean, not just their experiments failed there totally out of the Alzheimer's basis. So that's really concerning. Because Alzheimer's increase is increasing worldwide, it's becoming a major, major economic drain on societies with a dwindling demography like Japan or France on the poor. Patients air left wondering what's next. Let's put some numbers on this because it is really important. We have not seen the kind of failure that we've seen in our timers in any other drugs in any other disease setting. I mean, they're the success rate is something like 0.4% for drugs. There hasn't been a new drug approved since 2003 and most of the drugs out there where all the drugs out there don't actually deal with any of the underlying disease. They relieved some symptoms. You know, we have 215 active trials in this, compared to 7000 and cancer. This is a backwater. May may. No, it is. And, uh, sometimes I think it is useful to put a little perspective on it in terms of where we are with Alzheimer researcher. It's disappointing, especially with Bajans latest release. I think the amyloid hypothesis is taking a huge beating. I mean, I heard someone today saying, basically in the toilet, But if you take a step back and you think about how far we've come in a relatively short period time you realized it wasn't wind about 30 years ago that we actually understood and discovered the amyloid peptide, and it was only after 10 years after that that we had an animal model to work off of. So we really put it and think about it. I mean, we've come pretty far in 20 years from, you know, scientists always say that, you know well, we've come really far and we've learned a lot. This is you come here. It's a cholesterol, for instance. So cholesterol had a very similar path, you know, it took we figured out the molecule, we figured an animal model. We then figured out some epidemiology studies and the pathways, and then we started looking for inhibitors on it. That whole cycle took 100 years. So if you compare where we are with Alzheimer's toe toe, where other diseases have have big breakthroughs were there, we just have to work in the moment. So we feel really disappointed. But this is where we have to redouble efforts. So you started this company or your fun office company from you said your mom is a mad scientist as well, and you were working with her and you're working with your husband on this, But you spun this off to focus on amyloid. So this is the same protein that we were talking about that has failed in all these trials. But you have a different approach, very radically different approach, which is a vaccine. Talk a little bit about that. Yeah, we're kind of making the old school new school again, but, uh, what we have is a vaccine platform which basically teach your body toe produce antibodies against toxic proteins. We spun it out to focus on brain disorders. So, you know, we have employed and also tell and other proteins. And at the end of the day, you know, we're not at the end that you have to look at the data and go over the data tells you so. The science is still pointing towards amyloid being implicated as it may the major pathology and probably tower as well. We don't profess to have a silver bullet, but the field is telling us go earlier. So you look at the target and then there's different approaches. So earlier intervention ultimately prevention and probably in combination with other vaccines. I mean, I want to come to you in just a minute, Paul, but I just want to follow up in this go earlier part because this is the same pattern that we've seen in a number. Different disease settings. Cancer go earlier. Parkinson's go earlier. But how do you go earlier when we can't necessarily diagnose Alzheimer's that year? We'll interview but go for it. Um, you know, that's where the ecosystem comes. And there's a discussion this morning about diagnostics. And, um, you know, the field really depends on each other. So one we need better diagnostics to be able to predict who's going to get Alzheimer's, and we need also this better framework. A different model on howto creates and enable prevention studies or delayed onset studies that don't take 10 years or 15 years. So speaking of these different frameworks, so Paul, if we could see this cover of the story that Rick tests Ellie wrote about in Fortune on our cover. So there it is that's sold out in Wyoming. Wyoming Albert. It's actually it's a 7000 words story. It was the best traffic story of the month when it came out. A lot of people are interested. Here's for traffic. But you know, what I think people really gravitated to was the idea that you were creating a different research model for Alzheimer's in an area where you were bringing lots of different disciplines in and it created. You know, a consortium of global consortium of 50 different people with very different times is special. Well, I went around the world I call my John GALT speech. I've gone to the top smartest people. I could find 28 labs, 12 countries and I said, Look, you're a big deal. You've got an endowed chair. You've published book. She got medals when she said it all aside, come work of Wyoming on changing patient outcomes, impatient current patient lifetimes. And I think this is one of the problems is that we're looking at Alzheimer's through a focus of the limitations of the models because we have great models for AM Lloyd. We don't have models for town in Wyoming. We think amyloid and tau are not the causes of all climbers. We think their symptoms symptoms of a disease that occurs 20 years before people show any any cognitive deficits at all. We're looking at the very basic models of protein miss folding and find a way to stop him and the story that we wrote a fortune, which I urge all of you to read, read. It's really spectacular, but it took you to the comm aural people of Guam, where you were studying studying their diet and noticed something very unusual. We picked up a bacterial toxin and found that the people that had high levels of toxin had high levels of the disease. 25% of the Villagers were dying, but it's really the story of two villages. Then I found another village in the northern tip of Okinawa gamey, where they don't even have a word in their language for Alzheimer's. They never heard of it, and the people are 100 are have absolute Rico. I've never been around a geriatric population like this. What's the difference? We identified an amino acid, a dietary amino acid else hearing. We're now in phase two trials at Dartmouth Medical School, hoping that this could slow cognitive decline. We do know in a P 04 non human primates in ST Kitts, it totally slows down the neuropathology. So we're not looking for the silver bullet that will recover somebody. It's already in the depths of dementia. What we're looking at is a way to delay disease progression, slow disease progression and based on our face, one trial with a less patience. It looks like a high dose mean last therapy. We can get 85% slowing. If we could do that for Alzheimer's, we could make the disease push it off so it doesn't hit people until they're 90 or 100 that would be interrupting. You go ahead, I nto I'm gonna add to that, which is, I think one of the really cool things about what you're doing is actually super affordable as well. Yeah, this stuff costs $40 a kilo. Grams. It's one in the drinking water That's one of the challenges of nerd generation, particularly Alzheimer's, right And one, like you, said, the symptoms of the disease starts decades before you see the disease starts decades before your symptoms. Two. It's very difficult diagnosis, but three. These are massive populations. I'm just over five million people in the U. S. And over 40 million in the world. And so some of the stuff is coming down the pipeline. You have to think even if it works, is it practical? So, part of the idea of really coming up with the prevention, uh, something that you know, delays The onset of it is it has to be practical on a global basis. That's the way, and that's that's a great point. As you said, it's 5.7 million Americans now that are dealing with this around the world. That's much, much higher. But that cost of caring for people with Alzheimer's is about nearly $300 billion. It's gonna go up to 1.1 trillion if you believe the estimates by mid century. While it just came from Japan, where for every working person, every retired first, there's only two people working pharmaceutical firms are really interested they France, in the same way to 20.1 people working for every retired person. So the idea is we don't need another $400,000 a year Alzheimer's drug When you get on, that could be a a public health intervention across the world. And this is one thing that if if our thing is applications, that's a big if we know it's not toxic. If it actually slows and repeated trials, maybe it could help, even though it's not a silver bullet. But by delaying 5 to 7 to eight years, it might really help some of these countries right in a minute, just in a few seconds, I want to go to some questions. But before I do that, the police think. But maybe, you know, talking about public health interventions again. There is no better bang for the buck in public health anyway than a vaccine, which is the approach you're trying and so talk a little bit about how this vaccine works, because again, since it's not a virus that you're vaccinating against, it's harder for the body to actually find out what the thing they're supposed to protect against, especially since these proteins yourself, right? Yeah. I mean, um, you know, I'll be honest. The vaccine approach is not new. We've tried it before. The problem is, we couldn't do it safely or effectively. Um, So, really, what we're trying to do is when you say vaccine, it's just getting your body to produce and become the drug factory. So what? Our vaccine is fully synthetic. It's all artificial. And what we do is we, you know, we immunize you with it, and we teach your body to produce antibodies against the toxic forms of amyloid and tau and office knew Quinn. Um, and we do that because it's, you know, uh, endogenous protein. You know, you want to avoid an autoimmune response because that's one of the challenges of other vaccines. Um, and so our technology just happens toe work. Uh, it's not. It's not a new phase two. Now we have the space to finish basting. You have enough money to go to phase three. Uh, well, with some gaps that we gotta figure out before we're gonna face you gotta help in my eyes and make sure you get the highest. Probably a success when you go there. But that's one of the challenges. When you have a big badge in, you know, read out and the whole industry kind of just pulls away. And hey, are we Is this the right way to go? Right. But if you go to anyone and even pull because we're talking about this behind stage just like if you had the opportunity and option tohave aggregate employed in your brain or not, what would you say? Of course. So because we know that that that protein is clumping around neurons and killing it, killing them anyway. So whether it's the cause or a symptom, you just want to get rid of that. Do we have a commoner? Questions from the audience, Anybody. Okay, Um, so we'll keep thinking just this is a chance of a lifetime here, So But this does get to the issue of how science is done in America today. And you know what we've seen so many technologists come into on the data space, for example? You know, we've had several of of them on our stage entrepreneurs saying we're tired of how long traditional, you know, hidebound academic science takes, and we've got to break that model. So whether it's an Alzheimer's or something else, you know what you are we going to see more of this? Sort of, you know, crusading, You know, reb rebellious science from the outside. They both may, May and I were invited because we represent alternatives to the 500 failed trials. We need to have some sort of new approach, and I think it's time to look at a variety of different approaches and again our goal. And I think May Mays as well as to change the outcome of patients within their life. And that's what we're excited about it. Of course it's me. I've got Villagers that don't have Alzheimer's. They don't have any deficits whatsoever. And we've looked very carefully. Their diet. Maybe he's looking at a vaccine signed me up. I'll take it this afternoon. I mean, these were very alternative approaches, and the question is, each of the 500 failed trials cost big farm. About a 1,000,000,000 bucks a 1,000,000,000 bucks, they've dropped half a trillion dollars. How many times you have to keep doing the same thing over and over and over. We hope that maybe 510 will work or 511 but at this point we're both in phase two trials, and we're both contemplating How do we get into a phase three that's meaningful in a system that is really focused not on these alternative approaches. Yeah, One thing I think about the trial failures is you know, we learn something from each one, and we're approaching even something like that amyloid very differently than we did 10 years ago. I mean, the first efforts weren't safe, and then we had problems with dozing. And then we realized most of some of the patients that were dozing don't even have Emily in the breaks. Cary giving patients about the pathology, a drug that's supposed to intervene on the pathology. And now we're realizing, you know, going later is not the way to be. So you have to go the time of convention. So each one is something that we learn. And right now it's about threading the needle to find success. Um, I think one of the keys is actually taking and being open to perspective outside the traditional space. I mean, we're a motley crew of back sinologists originally, and we don't have a neuroscientist on the team. But we saw someone else's Bailey and say, You know, we don't know about the target of much, but we know how to design a vaccine that over different expertise. And so we've got a question in the back right here. You threw out several times the question of diet. Just take 30 seconds. Just summarize the data on the positive or the prevention side that leads you to have reason to believe that it may be dying well, there's broad indication that the Mediterranean diet reduces risk of Alzheimer's, and that's well accepted. We've been focusing on specific villages that have bad diets and good diets trying to see what's the difference. And it appears that from our work that one of the 20th dietary amino acids else hearing, if taken in sufficient dose, actually can reduce the formation of this neuropathology. And the reason we can say this is that we've does April 4 positive monkeys and ST Kitts, and we find that we can reduce their neuropathology of both amyloid and tau by about 85%. So the idea is that you carry within your head neuropathology. It's building up. You're asymptomatic Finally, you hit the point where there's nothing, no pathology. You start having cognitive issues. We and I think they made the same way. We would like to work very much earlier, maybe 20 years earlier, where we're working with a dietary amino acid if it really slows, uh, formation there a pathology people, potentially, if the FDA approved, could be taking this long before they ever developed symptoms. Lady. And I'll be your goal to get people vaccinated long before they develop symptoms. That's the ultimate vision. The last line of resistance silly story about you is the truth. Lies somewhere between science and story, listening and laboratory body and soul. And part of what you have really focused on is this idea that the laboratory is outside of the sort of four walls of that laboratory. Well, what's really help? This is We're doing this in a not for profit environment. I mean, I don't have quarterly shareholders. I don't have Mike showing up saying Why aren't you working on male pattern baldness? Yeah, you know, like late. Know that within a not for profit environment, we can take a deep dive. We can do things that are alternative. I assume you have certain same sort of of focus and doing something a bit different from the traditional path. Yeah, um, someone this morning was saying, you know, we're trying to see not where the puck is now, but where it's going. And the good news is, I feel like the industry is finally coming to some consensus that we have to go earlier. And they're realizing maybe not today or but eventually. Pretty soon we gotta go towards that that direction. The thing that sad is the great players Merc, Lily Fizer, Biogen are out there. Not just their experience. It worked. They're pulling out. Where do we have the major players That could help you and me if our move into phase three. And that's gonna be tricky. Yeah. You know, I think there's still some really good committed players out there. And that's what it takes to really make a breakthrough. Mei Mei Paul. Thank you very much for enlightening conversation. Thank you. Thank you.

I'm addiction psychiatrist. I actually became a doctor to help people yet much of what I learned in medical school was wrong from helping people change habits to addictions and here's why. Have you heard of the positivity ratio? Just have three positive to everyone negative emotion and you'll succeed in life The paper published in 2005 by two researched, where they plugged daily motion batteries from college students into a nonlinear fluid dynamics equation, and wala. Mathematical principles for human flourishing. This is why they've taken it by the press led to a best selling book, yet in 2013, it couldn't be replicated and was debunked. So why was this so popular? Why were people so quick to jump on board? It's great to have a mathematical formula for happiness. Yet it wasn't based on sound science. So what can we believe? Well, ask anybody that's play the lottery. Do you have money in your pocket or not? Wanting to win isn't the same as actually winning and for science for we scientists Cash in our pocket is replication. So see if you believe this theory. The guy in the 1950s named BF Skinner, he was studying animal behavior. In fact he found that he could train pigeons to win a cross- court shot in ping pong for a food reward. Came up with a theory, called it operant conditioning or reward- based learning. And what we think now is that this was actually set up as a survival mechanism to help us remember where food is and how to avoid danger. It has three elements that trigger behavior and reward so you see some food, you eat the food and your stomach sends this dopamine signal to your brain that says remember what you ate and where you found it. In 2000, Eric Candela got the Nobel Prize showing that this is evolutionarily conserved all the way back to the sea slug. So rock solid theory, replication heavy replication. I learned about this in college didn't think that much of it yet when I was starting as an addiction psychiatrist I was really struggling to understand my patients, whether they were struggling with alcohol or cocaine or heroin or whatever. And then I had this lightbulb moment. I realize that this could actually explain so much more behavior beyond classic addictions. For example, we're in the middle of an obesity epidemic. We learn to eat food to feel good, not when we're hungry but when we're anxious. We're in the middle of an opioid epidemic, we learn to take pills to numb ourselves from physical and emotional pain We're in the middle of a tech boom. We learn to look at cute pictures of puppies on Instagram when we're bored. In fact, social media is designed for those likes and retweets. Food is engineered to be addictive. So what do we do when we're addicted? Well, just control ourselves. That's what I learned in medical school. You wanna lose weight? I've actually learned a simple formula, make sure you have more calories out than calories in. You know, just eat the salad instead of cake. You wanna quit smoking? Well, just set a quit date for two weeks out, tell your quit buddies so you get some support, and we'll give you some medications to help with withdrawal and quit, right? Well it doesn't work that way, so why doesn't will power work? Well, There's a part of our brain called the prefrontal cortex. This is the youngest and weakest part of our brain from an evolutionary perspective. It's the first that goes offline when we're stressed out. And that's where willpower is thought to be seated. So if we can't rely on this, what can we rely on? Well, reward based learning, old and strong, why not start there? Now what if I told you that to tap into this process all we needed was awareness. It might seem a little strange. I actually gave a Ted Talk on this a couple of years ago and it ended up being the fourth most watched talk of the year. I don't think it was me, but it was the message. And the message was pretty simple which was awareness trumps self- control. By awareness I mean paying attention to the results of our behaviors so paying attention to the results of our behaviors right? That's really critical. Now there's a There's a piece that you need to know about this. Remember, reward based learning is based on rewards, it's not based the behaviors themselves. Pigeons aren't particularly prone to playing ping pong but they will play it for a food. So what do we need to know? There is a part of our brain called the orbitofrontal cortex and it stores reward value. So, for example, if I eat some milk chocolate my brain is gonna compare that to other things that I have eaten, like broccoli. And then it's gonna set up that rewards hierarchy. If I eat some dark chocolate, it's gonna then compare those as well. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Give us a second. Now, then my brain sets up this hierarchy that says, I like dark chocolate more than milk chocolate, more than I like broccoli. I think of the orbitofrontal cortex as the BBO part of the brain. It's always looking for that bigger, better, offer. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Now how does this fit with awareness? Well, what are we doing when we're doing habitual behaviors? We're not paying attention. So we bring awareness in. It helps our orbitofrontal cortex get accurate and updated information. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] This is, there we go. So is awareness actually enough to hack our brains into better health? This question led me to shift my career from molecular biology to cognitive neuroscience to forming a start up company to make app based behavior change programs. Specifically to ask this question, is awareness enough to change behavior? So what do we do? Well, we did something simple. We used mindfulness training and helped people pay attention to the results of their behavior. And what did we find? Pay attention when you're smoking, what happens? The reward value drops. Pay attention when you're stress eating. What happens? The reward value drops. So this helps our orbital frontal cortex get accurate information and see that these things aren't quite as rewarding which then opens up this door for something better, that bigger, better offer. Now what if I told you that awareness itself, and in particular this attitude of curiosity, That's enough, that's even that bigger, better offer. For example, here's somebody using one of our programs to work with anxiety. She said, when I first started the program, I didn't quite buy into the benefits of curiosity. Today I felt a wave of panic and instead of immediate dread or fear, my automatic response was, hmm, that's interesting. So you can see her brain is preferring curiosity to worry. It feels better. Now examples are illustrative, but results are definitive, so we've gone on to do the studies. For example, in a study of obese and overweight women who received [ INAUDIBLE ] mindfulness training, we got a 40 % reduction in craving- related eating. In a study of anxious physicians If this goes to the next slide, there we go. We got a 57 % reduction in anxiety in folks who received app- based mindfulness training. We've gone on to study the brain regions that get activated when you get caught up in craving or caught up in anxiety. For example, the posterior cingulate cortex, and these same brain regions quiet down with mindfulness training. In a recent study, we actually brought people in who wanted to quit smoking. We showed them a bunch of smoking cues, and activated their posterior cingulate cortex, and measured that activity at baseline. We then randomized them to get mindfulness training where an active comparison group and then brought them in a month later to see if changes in their brain activity could actually predict chemical outcomes. What did we find? We got a very significant correlation between a reduction in Post CC activity and reduction in cigarette use. This was specific to the mindfulness training group. We even found that there was a dose dependent relationship. The more modules they completed, the better they did. No correlation in the control group, even though they completed the same number of modules. So three to one sounded a little too good to be true. But the answer doesn't need to be complex to be true, it just needs to be true. Even better if we know why it's true, and why something works. Well we've known for a long time that habits, that every day addictions, the classic addictions, are actually formed through reward- based learning. We now know that awareness might actually help us hack into this system, to help our brains see the relative lack of reward, and become disenchanted with these old behaviors And then find a bigger better offer that might have been [ UNKNOWN ] in front of our noses all along. Our brains are actually really strong we just need to know how they work and we can harvest that strength, we can harness that power and we can move from magical thinking to moving mountains. Thank you very much. [ BLANK_AUDIO ]

This Addiction Psychologist Shares Hacks on How To Better Our Brains 

A mindful presentation by Dr. Judson Brewer on how we can train our brains and kick bad habits.

Today I'm going to lead you through a brief meditation. And if you have never meditated before, not to worry, it's really easy. I'm gonna guide you through the whole practice. And, just before we begin if your holding anything in your hands, or if you have anything on your lap, If you could just set it aside. Rested on the floor and this is going to be breath focused meditation where we're going to come and concentrate the mind so let's begin just find a comfortable position and place both feet flat on the floor. And when you're ready, close your eyes. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And you might notice that since there's been a lot of stimulation, your mind may feel active. If that's the case, not to worry. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Just notice that as you begin to settle in. Resting your hands gently on your lap. And straighten your spine as best as you can, so it's almost like the feeling of having an invisible string attached to the top of your head pulling you up nice and tall. So you wanna feel alert But relaxed. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Just soften any tension you might be holding in your face. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And relax your forehead. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Your lips. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And the jaw. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And feel into your throat, just softening the front and the back of the throat. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And allow your shoulders to settle with ease. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Feel the gentle pull of gravity as your body begins to relax. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And now bring your attention to the breath, and we'll take a few long, deep inhales, and slow, full, exhales. Letting go of the day, letting go of any distractions our mental activity. For this time we have together do your best to be right here, right now. Your breath full and deep. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Now direct your attention to the area of your abdomen. And we'll explore the sensation of the breath. In a few areas of our body. So starting by focusing on the feeling of the breath in the area of your belly. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And feel it rising. And falling. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Rising, and falling. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And next shift your attention to the area of your chest. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Feeling your ribs and lungs expand on the inhale, [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And releasing and settling on the exhale. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And then shift your attention to the area of your nostril Feeling the cool air entering, and the warm air releasing. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And now, just notice where you felt the breath the strongest. Wherever it was easiest to follow, and just place your attention on that part of your body, and continue to follow the length of each breath. So feeling the breath flow in, and follow it in. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And just observe as it transforms into an exhale. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And just notice as the breath begins to flow in again. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And just hold your attention on the breath for these next few moments of silence. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ] And if there are sounds that distract or if your attention begins to wander, that's okay. Doesn't mean you're doing it wrong, this is just what the mind does. Our attention drifts away, and we gently pull it back. It's drifts away, and we pull it back. Each time we come back to the breath We're strengthening our muscle of mindfulness. So find your breath again and continue to hold your attention on each inhale and exhale closely, attentively. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ] For these last few moments Expand your awareness into the full length of the body. Feeling the breath fill you up. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Inhale the calming breath, the soothing breath. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Exhale Various self centered and grounded. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Now just relax your attention, awakening your senses. Wiggle your fingers and toes. And when you're ready, allow your eyes to open. So, no matter what's going on in your life, no matter how stressed or busy you are, remember that the breath and your body can serve as anchors Places that you can come home to again and again. Thank you for sitting with me. [ BLANK_AUDIO ]

Guided Meditation: Keep Calm and Carry on 

Guided by Tamara Levitt, Head of Mindfulness at Calm. 

IBM Demonstrates a Finger Nail Sensor That Could Help Diagnose Parkinson's Disease

Tech

The technology is developed to capture signals of motions, gestures, and grip strength. 

I won't take us back to think about how we extend measurements from the planet. He'll be on the clinic. So just recall the experience you had in your recent visit to the clinic. You know, you win. There were some signs and symptoms. The physician sat you down and they examined and they concluded from that. Okay, this is radio are and this is what you're experiencing, and they made deficiency with it. But that was actually an episodic event with for 10 minutes, you were in that clinic, but the remainder of the day and the remainder of your life. You're actually living outside the clinic. So what we want to think off is how do we extend the ability to observe from the clinic Toby on the clinic to your home and the 99% of the time that you're not in the clinic? How can we do that? So we want to talk about activities that you do, and in particular, I'm gonna show you a new sensor that our team came up with. We call it the fingernail sensor. It's a prototype that I'm showing you here. It was published recently with results that are described in the paper, but I'm going to demonstrate to you what this device does. It is a fingernail center. And as you can see, it is a very proper tighty thing right now. The eventual form in which this device will be used is not what it looks like here. Rather think of it as the same form factor as your nail itself. That thickness that size that is just pasted on your nails. And that's the device. Okay, but I will demonstrate to you what this prototype device does already. So what is it designed to do? It is actually designed. D'oh. Capture a few signals. So if you get to the signal on the screen, what do you say here? I'm showing you, actually, three traces that are being continuously produced, the top one is actually coming straight from the sternum. And in this case, this actually is just a device that I happen to have a phone that I'm using to give you a signal from, uh, the phone on on on my sternum on the fingernail sensor, I actually had the ability to pick up two additional signals. One is the strain and another is actually the acceleration that this device is producing. So what can they do? I will show you, for example, that if I was to hold an object, the act of gripping that object produces a new signal off strain. So as I do, that way we'll see a signal. What I have produced for you in the video where this device actually then create a whole variety off new signals. So if you were to actually cut to the to the video and I will walk you through some of these signals so on that, what do you say is holding objects with my hand? And what is this producing? This is actually producing the act off gripping an object, holding it, turning it. Each of those is actually creating new strain information from the tip off your digits. And it is producing signals off not only the act of holding and gripping, but to the application off appropriate. Aye. Aye. Classifications techniques. We can actually then loan from that instant off. That signal. What if the activity that you was the individual is catching up? Not only what activity, but how Well you're performing that activity. Quantify. Actually, the amount off strain and force that you're applying as you do each of these activities and these are not synthetic activities that you do over in the clinic, but rather these activities that you do in your normal daily life. And of course, if you happen to have specific changes, how you carry on those activities either because you off known movement disorders or because some modulation that is according to your activity that you aren't even aware off. For example, cardiovascular diseases known to modulate your grip strip. If those changes are occurring well, before you actually know that those changes are occurring just by monitoring the activity itself, as shown in this video, you begin to pick up those changes. Also illustrated here is a specific example off a subject actually sitting and standing, you may sit in stand without the assistance of your hands, or you must sit and stand by holding the armrest. And because you're gripping the amorous, the fingernail sensor is actually able to tell us how much force you're exerting as you hold the amorous sit in skin and then off course. If as an individual you have difficulty in getting up out of a chair in Have the demonstration short over there. That act itself can also be seen as a different signal. Okay, so what have I shown? You hear that by putting sensors on the digits on the extremities of your hand and then going about doing activities as you would normally in itself actually produces a wealth of new information on how well you're carrying all those activities and whether there is any change, even a gradual change that can be tracked over time. So that's sort of the ability of this one sensor to give us that signal. Of course, the sensor alone is not what is all that is relevant. This, together with additional information like the movement I was showing you with just a phone placed on the body is allowing me to see whether I'm actually sitting or standing on, then yielding the fingernail sense that I can put that together and say, Did I hold the arm rest to get a part of a chair and activities off that kind like activities in a kitchen, holding your toothbrush, grabbing a door handles. All of those are just normal activities that in itself to produce a signal so that what I'm showing you here is a way to extend the ability to observe from that episodic event in the clinic to actually continuous observations that can occur in your normal daily life. Okay. And this then has ability to provide quantitative information with regard to changes in your signs and symptoms as your disease progresses, or as subtle changes begin to occur that you are not even still recognizing as a disease. Okay, Thank you for your attention.

CRISPR: The Good, the Bad, and the Ethics of Gene Editing

A discussion on how gene editing can be used responsibly and the implications of designing a world around it. 

How to Change Negative Health Behaviors in America

Mindy Grossman, WW CEO, joins the panel to discuss American epidemics. 

So we met years ago, when I think both Larry Ellis and [ UNKNOWN ] introduced me to you when your father was sick. Yeah, yeah, that's right. And obviously, I saw the caring you had for him, I saw the respect you had for him. And you did something in honor of your father to respect your father which was create a bio technology company with a remarkable new drug on cancer. That's not a normal response to a tragedy is to try to do something to help others. Explain to us a little bit. I mean you have to understand Miqetani is He created Rakutan, which is one of the great companies of Japan. It was in the Wall Street Journal that he was the largest shareholder of Lyft that just went public last week. He's creating a new, a whole new way of doing telephone networks that will be in Asia and hopefully global soon. He's a technology pioneer yet you got into biotechnology. Yeah, what a funny story, right? Well, so it was my kind of personal reason. My father was diagnosed as a very difficult pancreatic cancer and I'm kind of crazy entrepreneur And I initially thought there should be some new ongoing development of a new advanced treatment to basically cure the pancreatic cancer. So I contacted you, I went to UCSF. I went to Harvard. I went to The Colombia University, I went to Paris University, I literally did all these research in my capacity as much as I can. But I couldn't find any really good looking cure. But interestingly. One of my friend call me and he was also the friend of my father and he said hey Mickey I heard the very bad news about your father having a very difficult cancer. By the way my cousin is doing this new project. Trying to cure the cancer was light. And that's it. I was desperate, right? And then he initially so it's kind of this must be a joke, curing the cancer with light. But I was desperate so I said okay, I'm gonna have a meeting with him. And then, you know, I thought this is completely two totally different approach and you know, it may work ..>> So, what he's talking about is something called photo immunotherapy. I think the best way to show it is a quick video. Can we go to the video? I don't know where I'm supposed to point. Photo immunotherapy is a new precision anti- cancer treatment platform under development by Rakuten Medical. Consisting of tumor targeting antibody conjugates that can illuminated at the tumor site using non- thermal red light. [ MUSIC ] Treatment of patients with cancer is initiated with an intravenous infusion of the antibody conjugate. [ MUSIC ] It distributes systemically. And accumulates at the tumor, where it attaches to specific antigens present on the surface of tumor cells. After infusion of the conjugate, the patient undergoes photo- immunotherapy treatment by illuminating the tumor with non- thermal red light. transiently excite the antibody conjugate to elicit anti cancer activity. A laser is used as the light source superficial tumors are illuminated with frontal diffusers deep subcutaneous and large tumors are illuminated with cylindrical diffusers inserted into catheters place using image guidance. Total illumination lasts about five minutes for each treated region. Antibody conjugates bound to the antigen on the cancer cells are transiently excited upon non- thermal red light illumination to induce a bio- physical process that compromises the membrane integrity of cancer cells. Leading to cancer cell death and tumor necrosis with minimal effects on surrounding normal tissue. Moreover, this mechanism of action may activate immune cells, such as antigen presenting cells and NK cells, and may stimulate tumor specific cytotoxic T cells. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] All right, so an idea, photoimmunotherapy. You go through clinical trials. It's now on phase three clinical trial in head and neck cancer. How's it going? I think it is going well. Well, of course, I think we're moving pretty fast I think. And internally we have a very strong confidence .>> So we heard before we were talking to one of the CEOs of, or the head of R & D of a pharmaceutical company and they said the current hit rate is 10 %. If this works you'll be 100 % one for one which is pretty wild if you think about it. When did you start, so what's the time frame from beginning till now? Beginning we started our, the phase one clinical study, three years ago, maybe Three years ago. Yeah .>> And so the idea is you put in this antibody you activate it with this light. Yeah. And then the tumor shrinks. You know what we in the cancer field dream of is something called the [ UNKNOWN ] Scoble effect. Yes. Which is where you can kill one lesion right. But the immune response to this legion that cures away the cells will cure away or attack other legions also and so that's the dream especially now with immunotherapy where we can make immune responses even greater that dreams becoming a reality in some cases but you've seen some benefits? We are in a clinical trial. [ LAUGH ] Got it. My [ UNKNOWN ] guys are Warn me? Yeah! You can say this, you cannot say this, but I think, just to summarize it, the mechanisms we are conducting are very different from even other immunotherapy I think we have seen some cases which were very difficult to see in traditional approach. I possibly invested over $ 200 million into this company, believing this will be one of the breakthrough for cancer therapy, including what you just mentioned. That's fantastic. And so, obviously, the world hopes this works. We need new ways to treat cancer. But your background is very different. You own soccer team, you're investing in tennis you obviously have [ UNKNOWN ] doing so many things doesn't overwhelm you? Well, I'm crazy enterprenuer and I love business. But I think this project is very different from other projects, right? Of course, our major network operator business is going to be I think the game- changer for Fortune project business. But this is far more important than anything else. This is of course. Incorporation, but at the same time, this is kind of a different sort of project for myself. To kind of revenge to the cancer, which took the life away from my father. I mean, and it's certainly a beautiful story. I was called by a number of people in Silicon Valley who invested, and what do you think about this? I go, I don't know, it's Mikitani, it's a technology company. And then we had dinner, and it was interesting. A bunch of scientists around the table, and you're the one who showed me the data. I saw your passion, I saw your excitement around the data and the science, and it certainly was beautiful to watch. How'd you teach yourself about antibodies, about immune cells, about cancer? How did you learn all this? Well I take notes. I Google all these- [ LAUGH ] New words, which is very very strange to ordinary people. And also, just to be honest to my colleagues, the scientists and doctors And tell them I don't understand please teach me. Right. But I have been doing this for five years. At this moment I'm reasonably knowledgeable and sometimes I have a fresh eye. Whereby the traditional people in this industry are kind of trapped by the conventional wisdom. I think I have kind of an amateur fresh eye to find the possibility. And I was probably, you know, ignorant enough to bid on this one, you know? And I think, in my personal opinion, the future looks very good. What would your father say if he knew you were doing this now? Well, I hope he will be proud of it. And I hope my sincere hope this will work and for my father, but we're hoping we will be able to save millions of people. That's beautiful. The company is based in San Diego. Yes. And the technology, where did it come from? Where did you find this? Yeah, so everything is connected. I was listening to the speech of Steve Jobs, who was your patient, right? He said everything is connected. And this was originally introduced from my friend. Who is also the sponsor of my football team? or soccer team is not [ CROSSTALK ] Yeah. So and he was very close to my father too and researcher is a Japanese researcher. At National Institute of Health or NCI. In Bethesda. Yes. Great, His name is Dr. Hisatato Kobayashi. He's also from Kobe from where I grew up. So he's my personal friend, and but nobody really believed. So this company was running out of money The company who, he licenced that to us, running out of money. They were so desperate, and I didn't know whether it's gonna work or not, but I first gave them that $ 20 million to them to keep doing research. And now, yeah, we progressed so much, so. I think, you know, definitely I am not the farmer specialist. But I think I have the eye to analyze the theory of how it works, and hopefully it is going to work. As an outsider looking at this industry, biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry, what do you observe? I mean from our side it looks rather inefficient. What does it look like to you? Of course this clinical trial and approval process is so long. And I understand the sensitivity of the issues, but at the same time now there are so many innovations being approach, taking place and being develop and it is Too expensive to go through this process. So I think it is time for entire world to reconsider the traditional approach is the right way to do it. Or do we want it to be a little bit, of course we need to be concerned about safetyness. But other than that small comparison of a data that is going to be worth pursuing or not. That's my candidate opinion. That's interesting and have you seen patients yourself benefit? Did you actually meet the patients? Yes, in Japan. You did? Yup. And what was that like Of course, there was crying. In Japan, because of the initial inventor of the technology is Japanese, he's very famous. They have been waiting To get treated for a long, long time. So these are locally advanced head neck cancers where there is nothing else to treat them with a mass on their head or their neck. Yeah, and I think the entire family were, very, very happy. Well, I think the world is happy and I did know your father is smiling down for what you've done. You have something to honor him which benefits humanity. And it's a remarkable thing you did and hopefully, this drug will benefits patients with cancer. So I and everybody, thank you for what you're doing. And admire you and what you are. Thank you very much. So thank you. Thank you. [ APPLAUSE ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ]

Rakuten CEO Explains Photoimmunotherapy

A cancer treatment that Mickey Mikitani invested his time with after his father passed away. 

Teamwork Tackles Global Health Care Challenges

Leadership

How technology and innovation can address some of the world’s most challenging problems, especially when for-profit companies, nonprofit organizations, and government work in concert with deliberate speed.

We've known each other, you know, for a long time. And you have the wildest career. You've gone from one of the great biotech companies in the world, you know acquired by a big pharma company, worked at Google, and now head of r & d GSK, it's a pretty wild transition between all of. So, ending up at Big Pharma's, is that where you thought you would be? Yeah. Why? Well, I think that once I left Academia at UCFF as a Cardiologist, I wanted to see how I could impact as many patients as possible and while there's a lot of exciting things that happen in biotech, some of the most innovative things I think the scope and the scale that you can do things in big pharma when it's going well, when everybody's rowing in the same direction the impact that you can have is pretty profound. So I'd always hoped to have a role like this to head up R & D end to end, to be able to impact patients' lives in a meaningful way this way. You're unique, in that, they let you stay in San Fransisco and yet this is basically a UK based company, UK, Philadelphia and your in San Fransisco. The pipeline you're kind of building, almost from scratch. And your building a new mentality in how to approach drug developement. So tell us a little bit about, the idea of, you know, your ideas of functiongenomics and others to take that heat rate, from a relatively low number that they big pharma complaints all the time. We have to charge big prices because we are not officially developing drugs and your trying to flip that a little bit. Yeah, you know, when I came to Jeski about 14 months ago, it has a terrific pipeline. Actually, there's a lot of leaders in HIV leaders and respiratory for years. A very innovative immunology portfolio actually about 30 or so drugs in the clinic and immunology, but what's plaguing GSK and I think all farmers you said is that, unfortunately, want to drug enters clinical testing 90 % of the time it fails to reach the end game to help a patient. This valuated 90 % is just an abstrast for the entire industry and so we spend a lot of time asking what's teh biggest impact we can have in terms of improving that and what we arrived at is based on some work actually ideas came from some sceientist that shows that if you can find a target that genetically validated by that I mean that That you have evidence from human genetic studies that show, that when you have this genetic abnormality, you get a disease. And we can isolate the protein that's causing that, and then transform it back to its normal type or block it if it's causing the disease, that you're twice as likely to have a drug. And that going from 10 to 20, actually is transformation for the industry, can think about developing twice as many drugs for the same price or being able to Develop, you know, a drug for half as much you want to look at the math. But we think that that's an exciting opportunity and with the explosion of the genetic data that's available for people, for patients throughout the globe and the cost coming down dramatically. And we've actually done three or four different collaborations with UK Biobank with open targets with Finjan and most recently 23andme. We think we can tap into this enormous amount of data that exists to find novel important targets that hopefully will turn into medicines. That's kind of novel, I mean, the head of r & d at one of the biggest pharmaceutical companies buying data from a consumer genomics company. Yeah, it's very novel. I think when you think about the mission of [ UNKNOWN ] was really to some day have a big impact on patients. And I think we both realized that the impact we're trying to have is better targets, they're trying to have a big impact on the people that signed up for their service, those who were interested. And we really felt like it's one of the great examples of an absolute win- win on both sides. And it's Wonderful company it's the great culture. You mentioned San Francisco. It's Richard Scheller who is running the 23andMe Discovery and I were heads of our RND. Respectively at Genentech's. We've known each other for a while and I've known Ann for a while. It was perfect cultures, perfect opportunity. I think we're gonna develop a lot of great drugs from that. so the naysayers will say listen this is self- annotated data, I think I have this disease and that disease. How do you get over that self annotation and get to something that you believe in Well there's three or four ways, first of all and we've learned this lesson from google size matters a lot and when you have the kind of sample size they have there in the millions I won't say exactly how many but But it's many millions of patients people are enrolled in the service. And there's been some studies they've done internally, when they ask a person in the, in the 23andme database. Do you have psoriasis as an example, or something like that. You can go back and look to see if those patients have the known genetic associations that have already been published in the literature. And if you find the 7 or 8 different GWAS findings that were already reported, you have a good sense that the other 10 that are new are probably real or at least most of them are. So this sort of validation through the published literature is one way. But we also have collaborations with UK bowel bank where it's much smaller it's very deeply phenotyped and we can use that with open targets and [ UNKNOWN ] and other Genetic data set to validate something, so I think this is a very powerful thing. As you also say, many of the targets are brand new and we're really introducing functional genomics, which you are very familiar with, where we can actually interogate cellular level. What is happening and see if we can get biologic validation of these associations to understand. What is that base pair change. You got 3 billion base pairs, one changes and you get a diseases. What's going o at the cell level and then biologically that makes sense and we can [ UNKNOWN ] maybe in [ UNKNOWN ] models and maybe validate through other drugs that have been developed et cetera. It gives you more confidence, so I think it's a triangulation of lots of data points. So you stol me something back stage somethingwhich astounded me Is that when you look at a disease like ovarian cancer that has a particular mutation that says you'll respond to a drug, BRCA, and PARP inhibitors. And there's an entire cohort of patient with functional [ UNKNOWN ] where you can show that they have the same phenotype Yes, they don't have that [ UNKNOWN ]. Tell us a little bit about that day because it's an amazing day. Well, one of the thing that we really focussed on is this funtional genomics. What's going on at that. Not just the structural level, that's your base pairs. What are your 3 billions base pairs? 23 and me can tell you. You can do all the sequencing. What is the function? What is functionally happen? So not just is our mutation but it's the gene working. The gene is the network. How is it all functioning? And so one of the interesting observations and one of the drivers for us looking at a company called the sorrow and, ultimately, acquiring them was that the synthetically family concept where you can have a PARP inhibitor that doesn't do much bracket mutation that doesn't do but the two together a profound impact. And we asked a question that sorrow folks in the global community aspect. Are there. Like other defects and through this functional genomics assessment, you can see many other proteins like a try at home and read 50 and the thing Coney proteins, etc. that all seem to have this homologous recombination defect the similar kind of Brock like, and in clinical trials that looks like the PARP inhibitor that we have proper of is working, not just in the 15 % of ovarian cancer patients that have the. The BRCA mutation, but in the patients who have this functional BRCA alike, so we have a big trial coming out at the end of the year, that we are optimistic will help identify or maybe as many as three times as many patients who could benefit from this therapy. So, it's not just developing a drug but it's actually figuring how to use it in the global sense that's critical. Well I've always said great drugs are discovered but transformational drugs are developed. And you have to find the other patients that might not be obvious, and how do you personalise them. That's not quite the end on one's but it's really amassing a data set that we can help the most number of patients to clinical trials. So I have to ask you this, I mean coz I think everybody wants to know is that, you spent time at Google looking at things like longevity. What did you learn? What was your take home from that experience? I mean it's a quite a concept that a search company got into this space at all. Let's see, well, one of the things that I confirmed was that, the person I got to work with Art Livingstone was one of the most terrific people to work with and a brilliant person and this gonna Continue to change the world. So that was one thing I learned to Calico. It Well, I guess the big picture and Calico that that I took away with is that as we age, I think of this model as a homeostatic reserve. We Rob basically buffering from disease is we're young, we have lots of buffer, we get insults and It's at each insult doesn't seem to cause disease because we're buffered. We're resilient. We're resilent. But as you get older, I kind of have the model that you become for certain diseases more or less resilient, but over time, your buffer capacity. And so that when we finally see in evidence of cliinical disease, it's probably not just the disease happened last week, and you became sympomatic. But that was probably accumulating and you've tipped over your bugger capacity. And that's sometimes early intervention is really gonna be the way to make the biggest impact on a lot of sort of age- related diseases in my opinion. So childhood cancer is predominantly curable. Yet once you turn 25, the same cancers become incurable. Does that go along with that concept? Maybe. I think, one of the things that I'm most facinated about another place is immunology, and the immune system changes quite dramatically as you age, and I think how all this is gonna play out is unclear, but, clearly, the immune system becomes less robust as you get older And that might be part of this homeostatic preserve that when you're young you have. We're also very focused on cell therapy, turning cells into medicines, and maybe we can rejuvenate these cells in a way that can make them more youthful and be able to cure some of these cancers that were in early childhood more likely to be cured. I think in our short conversation the audience certainly has a sense and I think a hope is that you're bringing a new approach and a new way of thinking to drug development. And it gives all of us some optimism that going forward, we're gonna have some shots on goal that we've never had before. So thank you for what we're doing and it was a true privilege. We appreciate it. Thank you Dean. [ APPLAUSE ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ].

Drug Development in the Age of A.I.

As we transform drug development in the age of A.I., fine-tuning our patient understanding will be more important than ever. 

It's pretty late in the day. So I thought I'd start off by talking about three things that give most of us in healthcare a panic attack on a regular basis. The first one is the fact that it feels like healthcare system overall is on a knife's edge, right? Like costs keep going up. We're spending too much margins are going down. It's kinda like that's one always one big topic. The second one is that people are kind of pissed off. I assume a lot of people saw the people protesting outside. One of the things that's happened over the last 15 years is that most of our lives have gotten deeply personalized and customized. And we feel that the world revolves around us, right? It feels like all the world's drivers coordinate, so that there's magically always a few of them, that are within five minutes to pick me up in case I need to be taken somewhere. But healthcare is stark contrast relative to that. Our experience with healthcare, is a very big gap, relative to what people expect of us today. And the third one is that, the Bavarians are at the gates, you know they are called, Apple, Google, Amazon, Brookshire etcetera, half of Silicon Valley, and I think for most of us in this space depending on which aspect of it you are working on, and from the topics of conversation today is that we feel that technology is a big part of the solution. But, if technology or healthcare follows a similar track as other industries that have been deeply transformed through technology over the last 15 years. If you take retail, transportation, media, one of the things that seems to often be the case is that early on we Get really excited about the magical nature of technology. We think about AI machine learning as being the solution to the really hard problems. But when we look back, one of the things that tends to be the case is that it's more the leverage aspect of technology that deeply transformed all these industries. Like Amazon changed retail not because of Because their much better at ranking what we might wanna buy. But just because when I want something, it shows up to my doorsteps in less than 24 hours. That's logistics. That's not machine learning. And in health care, I thought I would share just three perspectives or three areas that are already deeply transformed from a Logistic standpoint in healthcare that are more likely to be some of the big sources of system- level transformation over the next few years. So one of the main functions of technology is that it takes things that used to be expensive and painful and make them easy and abundant. And three of these things that in healthcare still feel scarce but actually are becoming much less so, are capacity, context, and transactions. So I'll run through a few examples of each one of these. On the capacity side We're used to everything we do in healthcare as being incredibly expensive, right? The unit of work in healthcare, the unit of capacity is by buying buildings and putting people inside them, and then we try to put telemedicine, where we just add a phone on either end, but really we're still moving people in buildings. One of the big things that is happening right now, I think that is a big aspect of the logistics, is taking parts of what we think of as health care and effectively virtualizing them. And moving them into these utility types of services. Three examples that are quite diverse but I think are quite interesting to think about One is, if you look at something like PillPark that Amazon acquired about a year ago, it took pharmacy services that normally requires to place buildings next to where people live and turning it more into utility that get plugged into a bunch of different applications. Another example that I think is fascinating is A company called zip line that that we're the founder is going to be talking about later today. Again, taking things that in healthcare that normally require huge amount of infrastructure that and absolving us of that. Another example is with services. So when, for example, my company color For genetic counseling, we virtualized that into a service such that we were able to provide it at a higher capacity that any individual Hospital in the us right now. The second big area that is quite interesting is when you think about context, when you think about all of the. Overhead and the effort that we spent. A lot of this is really just re- establishing context. When you show up to a doctor's office, the first thing you do is you get a clip board to re- introduce yourself. And if you think of that in comparison to other aspects of our lives, right. Imagine if. You wanna pick up an Uber ride, then every time you need to enter where you are and reintroduce yourself, right? And the question is, what does that look like in healthcare? So the interesting thing is that already today there is more health data, more insight about your health, unless you're an actually kind of in a disease state. Outside of the health system and is already on your phone, like your phone knows whether you're depressed well before it gets entered into the EMR. And the final one that I was I would like to share is around transactions. We still think of every interaction with the health system is being a high cost transaction And the question is what does it look like when we turn this into micro transactions? It's the difference between buying a car and taking an Uber ride and when we think of that in the context of healthcare it's similar to Amazon instead of the way they change our behavior is not by making us want to buy more things, in healthcare we try to make change behavior by. We talked about adherence, behavior management. And one of the biggest hurdles is literally just making things easier, just reducing the friction. So, in many ways, I think the good news is that it's less than magic that we need and more the using the lever that we already have. And putting in some elbow grease to hopefully move the world. Thank you very much. [ APPLAUSE ]

Brainstorm Health: A Technologist's Take on Healthcare

Color cofounder and CEO Othman Laraki lays out three healthcare challenges, and how technology can solve them.

Good afternoon everyone. Very happy to be here, will soon see why I'm so excited. My San Diego based nephew is supposed to be in the crowd as well, so, hi Leon. And so thank you for having us, and this is not going to be the typical presentation about deep learning and neural networks And we're also not owing to tel you about the journey of how hard it is to build a healthcare starups and why we are trying to climb to the top of the mountain. And the reason is that we are already on the top of the mountain. It's called the IA hype mountain. So there we are at the very top, you'll see [ UNKNOWN ] inc Rewrites after IoT devices. Remember what those are? Very boring, we forgot all about them. And this is how AI and hype curves works. So in the next couple of years you will be here. Come in tomorrow [ UNKNOWN ] brainstorm sessions. You will hear about exoskeletons and Smart dust, whatever that means. Well, we will be working in the trenches for pretty much the next four or five years to install our technology hospital by hospital talking with the IT department of every hospital, hiccup, compliance GDPR FDA regulation and all this morning work in the shadowed part of the hype curve. But before we say farewell and good bye and be forgotten we wanted to share with you few cases that were sent to us by few of our hospital collaborators. Real cases that happened in the last few weeks ., obviously the pictures are illustrated, but hospital names and the cases are real. So, let's call it the story of the free grandmothers for lack of a better word. So grandmother number one reached to [ UNKNOWN ] hospital manor with head trauma. They do a neurological examination and it turns out to be ok The radiologists after the night shift very [ UNKNOWN ] decide that there's no evidence for inter [ UNKNOWN ] bleed, a brain bleed. Luckily our system already deploy a new product mode, a letter the department had that this lady has a growing bleeding in her brain. They called her in she was about to leave the hospital They treated her emergently and everything is okay now. This is just to show they can already provide [ UNKNOWN ] saving patient life by reducing misdiagnosis that are caused to human fatigue. Case number two. Grandmother number two. A bit older lady. Came to a different hospital in Tel Aviv. Central with a specific request from the GP to check whether her lung is ruptured. Whether she has whats called pneumothorax. Chest X- ray was conducted, the radiologists decided that there is no pneumothorax and there was a mild pulmonary edema. And because of the specific request of the GP and she was considered to go to a CT scan to check for the pneumothorax with all the [ UNKNOWN ] time when the [ UNKNOWN ] radiation. Again luckily system was rarely [ UNKNOWN ] pilot mode [ UNKNOWN ] to the department that pneumothorax found within less one minute on the chest x ray. And in clinical trials we recently conducted we saw that we can reduce more than 85 % of the time it takes to see those acute conditions by the team. So this is yet another significant impact that AI is bringing right now in health care. And last case, all the way from Europe. Guess UK still Europe right so this is the UK at Oxford university and grandmother number of fields sent to be checked for cancer and so CT scan was conducted thankfully they discovered she has no cancer she was released back home Over there, our system was deployed commercially after an extensive pilot period. And the system was checking for a unique thing, a vertebral fracture in the spine, those vertebral fractures are the key indicator for coming of the product fracture and they are often missed by radiologists who are Very tired, very overwhelmed in looking for the cancer. The system found a vertebral fracture. The nurses- admins that are activating the National Fracture Prevention Program called the patient in, and she was very grateful that they showed her the fracture and that She is going to be treated to prevent an [ UNKNOWN ] Fracture, She is 1 of the 100 patients that we already treated since the beginning of the year due to the results of this algorithm, And just for the Oxford Shire Trust the NHS benefit will amount to more than 3. 3 million pounds in next 5 years just from this algorithm and from prevention of [ UNKNOWN ] Fractures So the [ UNKNOWN ], the [ UNKNOWN ] and the crowds talk to me later. You will have the same assistance as well. So here we are saying farewell and goodbye before we are moving to the shadowed part of the high curve and stay tuned for more news from us and thank you very much for having us here [ APPLAUSE ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ]

How A.I. Is Making Doctors More Efficient

A behind-the-curtain look at one A.I. technology that’s already transforming patient care.

Shifts in the Landscape

With new entrants such as Amazon and Walmart taking bold steps in the health care sector, and major acquisitions by Cigna and CVS, business models and the entire health care landscape are undergoing seismic shifts. 

A Tsunami of Data

New technologies—from A.I. to robotics—are generating enormous amounts of data when it comes to our health. This tsunami of data is helping us make big strides in early intervention, personalized treatment, and medical research. But at what cost?

Agents of Change

As the cost of health care continues to rise, some of the nation’s biggest employers are taking charge and becoming important agents of change. 

give a quick summary of what's the plan does we build an instant Delivery Network for medical products. And we do that using small 40 pound electric autonomous aircraft like the one that you see here in this photo. And the reason this seemed like a really good thing to spend our lives doing is that healthcare logistics today really only serves the golden billion people on the planet well and. The other 6 billion are largely ignored and as a result of that of five and half million kids die due to lack of access to basic medical products. That just seemed like a crazy thing to be happening in this day and age. So whenever we talk about drone delivery I think people still think that it's largely science fiction. So, let me only talk about what we're actually doing today. This is a map of the country of Rwanda. Today, Zipline is delivering about 60 % of the national blood supply of Rwanda, outside of the capital. We're doing that from two districtribution centres which are the two Zs that you can see in this map, Zipline hires all over an operator an operates as distribution centres And the transfusions that we're delivering, % 50 of them are being used for moms with postpartum hemorrhaging. And then % 30 are being used for kids under the age of 5. So, this is a really, really important product, especially for family health. And today this is actually the largest commercial autonomous system anywhere on the planet. It's happening in Rwanda You can see all of the little blood icons on the map are the hospitals. Probably even harder to see are the little grey dots but that's about 500 primary care facilities that we've been adding to the network over the last couple of months. So would you like to see how it works? Ok. Cool. This is not fancy I took this video on my cell phone but this will give you a sense. This is a zip which is one of the vehicles Flying by one of the hospitals that we serve, we deliver from about ten meters up. And we can deliver into an air mailbox, quote unquote mailbox, which is about two parking spaces on the ground. And they can set that mailbox up wherever they want. We also take the wind into account. So even when it's really windy, a vehicle can deliver in a really precise way. You can see these women are like, what the hell did we just see. [ LAUGH ] All right, relatively shocked, but you'd be amazed by how quickly something goes from from science fiction to like totally normal, and of course we have drones that deliver all the urgent medical products we need. The really cool thing about this is Is that we now have two years of operating data operating at national scale, and typically healthcare logistics networks have to balance access against waste. If you want to deliver a lot of product to the last mile you end up throwing a lot out and vice versa if you keep more centralized, patients end up dying when they don't have access. But Rwanda has actually been able to show that you can reduce waste from 6 % to 0. They're the first country in the world to achieve that. And they did that while increasing access to blood products by about 172 %, so really, really cool. And obviously, even more important than that is the lives But this impacts, sip on it has been able to do nearly 4000 life saving emergency deliveries in last year [ UNKNOWN ], this is hours amount who is giving a birth one of those hospitals that we serve and we ending it up delivering six units of play list, sorry out. I think it was six units of red blood cells, and four units of platelets, and two units of plasma, all of which was transfused into her on an emergency basis, and the doctors were able to save her life. So let me just show you really, really quickly, let you actually hear from the people who are running this system, and the patients who benefited from it. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Zipline is [ UNKNOWN ] into the [ UNKNOWN ]. You have to fly [ UNKNOWN ] or care about [ UNKNOWN ] planes and [ UNKNOWN ] packages and make sure the plane can fly. Then we have [ UNKNOWN ] people with the knowledge of the [ UNKNOWN ]. We made all that to Zipline by using SMS or by using Whatsapp. The package is handed to flyers. You send a package in, that's when we put it on the launcher. [ UNKNOWN ] Fly mostly up to the hospital. [ FOREIGN ] [ FOREIGN ] Sunday. So just to give you a really quick sense for house, or first of all it's just worth mentioning, you know, these are a couple stories like a few of the patients that you're hearing from. But one of the most powerful things about what we do is that when you can help a doctor save a mom's life, you're also impacting the life of that child who is gonna get to grow up with a mom. Just to give you a really quick sense for how some of this technology works, we've had to build all of this from scratch. So we designed the aircraft. We designed the flight control algorithms, the launcher of this vehicle. Is accelerating from 0- 100 Kilometers in about half of a second. There are obviously no runways were we operate, so we have to find new solutions to all of these problems. Landing the aircraft is even more challenging, we need to decelerate the plane from 100 kilometers to 0 in about half of a second. And, so you may want to take a guess as to how that works. We used to actually aim for about a one meter target on the vehicle. But since then our flight control algorithms have gotten so precise that we're now aiming for about a one centimeter target on the airplane. So we're aiming for one centimeter. It's a very small hook on the back of the airplane. You'll see how this works. [ UNKNOWN ] the recovery system up, we can grab the airplane, [ UNKNOWN ] and swing it down. And we can do this about 500 times a day, so this is kind of a newer version of an aircraft carrier. We purpose to make healthcare work for the entire world. And one really cool thing I just want to quickly share, this is actually Just a screenshot of the iPad that we use to control these vehicles, this is just from two nights ago, we actually had a an emergency event at one of the hospitals that we serve, and had to send eight aircraft out all at the same time to make deliveries and work. Tracking this aircraft over the subnetworks which actually works quiet well, you gonna see six of these aircraft outbound waiting out making deliveries in two and now in bound I mean, meaning they already reserve coming home. What's really cool is that the work that we were doing Monday is now spreading so just a few months ago we announce that we are partnering with the government of Ghana to look for distribution centers [ UNKNOWN ] 20 million people. We are officially launching the first distribution center on April 24th. And we're going to be delivering all medical products to all of those 20 million people. So, this is a really exciting way that counties can actually achieve universal access to healthcare in a way that's way more economical than has previously been possible. And this distribution centers that we set up to do this, we can now set them up in about four days. The last one you see here took us four days. We're gonna be launching in Israel towards the end of the year and in the next few weeks we're gonna be announcing the first big partnership with a Healthcare Network in the U. S And a reason that we're so excited to be launched in a place like the US is that when we really think about what is the long- term potential of healthcare access especially in parts of the US that are really really challenged, we think you ought to be able to pick up a phone, have a video chat with the doctor, have the doctor figure out what you need and then have that product show up at your doorstep. Five minutes later, like that for us is a really exciting vision of what healthcare could be, and how we can equalize access to healthcare between people who live in cities. Over time, sorry, cities in real places. So, just in conclusion you know the the, I got to spend time at the Mayo Clinic a few months ago and was super blown away by how impressive and incredible the hospital, it was. But, the reality is that most people on the planet, this is their experience of healthcare, this is it, this is the primary care clinic in East Africa that sees over 1, 000 people a day. And so, it's now possible, technology has gotten us to a point where we can deliver. Product especially medical products is quickly and efficiently as internet deliver information and do so for every human on the planet. But we don't think that the long term impact of that technology is delivering peace breeders we think that they are really citing potential of that technology is providing universal access to health care for every single human, thanks. [ APPLAUSE ]

Saving Lives with Drones, Abroad and At Home

Since its launch in 2016, Zipline drones have logged more than 300,000 miles, delivering thousands of units of blood and saving countless lives. 

The Newest Tech in Health Care

From blockchain to artificial intelligence.


So when guest was the CEO of the GE, the annual employee health care bill was over $ 3 billion. That was more than the company spent on steel, I don't know what that number is but it seems like a lot. That's when he realized employee health care had to be one of their biggest concerns and now he is focused on collective health and changing the landscape of health care. How employers can shift gears and take on more responsibility themselves. The truth is, and he is here to talk about this in greater detail, no matter what business you are in, you are in the Health Care business. Please welcome to the stage Jeff Immelt with Fortune's Allan Murray. [ APPLAUSE ] [ APPLAUSE ] [ MUSIC ] Jeff, thank you so much. Alan, good to see you again. Good to have you here. Good to be here. We're not gonna talk about GE today, are you okay with that? I'm fine with that, there's been plenty of news so yeah. So we're gonna talk about something you wrote recently. Where you said today every company is a healthcare company. What did you mean by that. Yeah so I think you know I had a unique perpective because I run a big healthcare company and I also as a legacy company had a tremendous role as a pair. And so I've been around the healthcare industry for probably 25 years. I would say Allen that one of the failures in the U. S. Healthcare system is that employers just haven't been very good purchasers of healthcare. And as it's grown in expense over time, The extent to which employers can be part of this context, actually run it like a business inside their company, I think that's gonna be one of the catalysts of the next generation in terms of how world change gets made. But for a long time what I was hearing from employers were, we don't want this job. [ LAUGH ] We don't wanna do this so let's figure out a better way to do this. So it's not our responsibility. Look I think it's easy to kind of say that and maybe to some it's like a pair system would be a relief. I'm not sure if it's better for employees in the end it does not allow you to differentiate yourself. But I would say more broadly, Alan, what, I had been a long term employee of that company during the financial crisis was the first time I'd really given a serious look to how much we were spending on employee healthcare cost. At that moment, it crested about $ 3 billion It was slightly less than what we earned in our business which I thought was kind of ironic in that context. It had grown by 7 % over the last 25 years. And so if a relatively big company only does that well as a purchaser, There's something that's just fundamentally broken right that's when we embrace I think a series of changes which can actually move the but we have to be willing to take some risks, it has to be led by the CEO. Move the needle on cost But also in quality? look I mean I'd say that they starts like every business adventure by having metrics. You know your consultants are your let's say your insurer might tell you that a metric is like cost avoidance or something like that. That's not a metric you will allow anybody else in your company to ever use. And so the establish metrics of like net promoter score, cost for employee and absenteeism. Because we have a large blue collar workforce and absenteeism turns out to be a really good metric for quality, right? And we watch those things, I'd say Alan A go down, right, and some of its, you know, some of its I would say cruel, in, by going kind hide actual plan, somethings like that, some of its awareness inside the company, some of its better in negotiating and things like that But we basically started from a relatively low point. A company like ours, lower the high from a city standpoint is plus or minus 50 % our cost per employee. So let's say in 2010, the low cost would have been, let's say $ 9, 000 per employee per year. The high city would have been 16 or $ 17 per employee per year. Same cohort, same age, same profile, so that's what you're dealing with as a system that's got huge frictional cost and huge variation kind of city by city. Like, I've had, I ran our business in the late 90s When you have a conference like this Alan, the therapies in the US healthcare system from a cancer or an orthopedic standpoint have been transformed in the last 25 years. We still spent 20 % of the healthcare dollar on administrative costs, right? I would come a conference like this in 1997. Most of the discussion are more less the same, [ LAUGH ] She went to single pair, like who destroyed the matrix and who pays and stuff like that. So in many of them kind of very central ways things has changed .>> It's funny you say that because you are now executive chairman of the Vena health. And Jonathan Bush, the CEO was on the stage, I think two years ago, maybe two or three years ago. And there were a bunch of conversations like the one you just heard about cool technologies that have the potential to transform health care and he said, hold it everybody, we're dealing with As you said, administrative problems, reading doctors prescriptions, making sure people don't take conflicting drugs. We're blocking and tackling and dealing basics. It's a long time before we can get to transform it there. Look, I'd say AI, amazing. AI has got amazing potential Let me give you two new cases that I'm not sure you talked about this week. Sending a good bill: okay so if you look at the CPT code and how many dollars are hung up on a provider's balance sheet because of the government rejects the payment because of one digit on CPT code, classic machine learning That's number one, number two the x ray machine was invented in 1915, so it's more than a 100 years old. There is still four or 5 % retakes on xrays. So, let's solve two and then we'll cure cancer after that, right? Let's solve-- That's actually a little depressing but ,- Let's solve Two things that are right in front of us. I think that's where people get lost in healthcare is applying the tools to the most fundamental use cases that are really gonna make a difference. So I think we're back to maybe 6 or 7 % inflation, really major inflation which I consider to be Per employee, per unit and that's probably unsustainable over the long term. But you're also working as a partner at NEA, you're involved with a lot of venture companies. You must see some of these or a lot of these in citing new technologies that are coming up. So the one's I like [ UNKNOWN ], so there's all kinds of And again, you're gonna see and hear this week all of these great biotech, and immunotherapy, and these are amazing, and there are people that are you know kind of smarter than I am that can go through those. The two places that interest me the most are kind of what I would call tech enabled services, and the way employees buy their health care. Tech enabled services. The favorite company that I like to study is Uber because half of it is an operating company, half of it is a platform. And I think to be effective in services, and healthcare, you need to be able to capture the technologies of Automation or AI but you have to be able to deliver them as a unit of one. City by city, hospital by hospital, doctor by doctor, and you have to be able to differentiate as unit one. And it's the reason why some of the let's say the mega AI companies haven't been that successful is because to be good at this you have to have a brain and a body. Right? You have to be able to deliver. It's just the nature fragmentation in the industry and the other one is to crack in to and what collector does is all about the employer health care market. because again it's $ 1. 2 Trillion, they're people that have been known to be efficient in all the other things they do Who buy in large aren't efficient in this one practice. And it's complicated, it's because they didn't wanna disrupt their employees. It's because may be their HR leader isn't strong enough to wanna push through the system. There is all kinds of reasons in terms of Why I can support it but you can't support it. It's much more about culture than it is about technology. Look, I think the technology exist to do this. If you're talking about the ability to use data, to have transparency, to be able to see what a good bill looks like. If you are in a hospital or you go the doctor. Being able to dissect the bill is huge and that's what companies like Collective Health are doing. But it really, if every CEO in the country would stand down for like two days, and actually have their benefits people up on the sea suite Talking about how the benefits actually happen, how does contracting actually happen, which insurance companies are doing well, which are doing it poorly, what are my employees really feel. That is much as anything else in our ecosystem Which changes the direction of health care. And that is- You think can get that to happen? Again, every pretty reaches their own, it's like the boiling flock. Yeah. Three billion just may seem like a lot of money. That's abig number, not everybody has that bigger number. [ LAUGH ] It was bigger than steel. You sit there and say Which dummy did this and then you realize the dummy is actually look at in the mirror every morning all right, it's what I allowed to have happen and it wasn't like it was like the team was actually benefiting from lot of this, they were dealing with the same complexities. So I think you and I were talking about royal. I kind of teach classes of business course. And I always try for the young foxes give them, here are like four, five things you gonna be working on for the rest of your life forward. Right? I but China on that list, I put Kind of future of work, house work personnel, healthcare is right down the list because like we're gonna be above 20 % of the US GDP. Every person in our society as an American Is gonna be working on healthcare for the rest of their life. So in some ways, it's one of those instance where you, well, almost never early. Yeah. But Trump was never too late in this industry just because there are so many things that remain to be fixed. And employers are a particularly powerful group that hasn't use any of their Abilities, to be able to change nature and, look, I mean, I love Jamie and Warren and Jeff, they're great people. But, you know, you can't just declare it and have it be. You've gotta take a thousand actions to go with this in order to make it happen. And it's not just an opportunity, it sounds like it's a responsibility. I think it's. An opportunity is one of those things that's gonna be impended in everybody competitiveness as time goes on. But also I believe we can deliver better benefits for the people that work with us. I'm firmly convinced that there are aspects of mental health And some other systemic health issues that don't even enter the equation because we're just getting deluged by phony expenses in a bunch of other areas that just chew up the same dollar. I wanna change the topic just a little bit because Peter Sands from the Global Fund. Yup. For AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, Sitting out there somewhere the lights are too bright. I'm not sure exactly where he is. But he was on the stage yesterday and he talked about how these are big trouble some diseases that can be cured and the corporations have a big role in it. But that they did a study that showed 75 % of companies now have a climate change action. Policy but only 10 % have a global health policy. You were instrumental in getting companies to that 75 % point on climate change. In 2007, US cap was a big change. Do you think he's right about the need for [ INAUDIBLE ]? Well, look, I would broaden the [ UNKNOWN ]. First, I love Peter and I think he's great. It's good to have him work on this. I think my own experience in emerging markets and things like that would say to me that the technology is actually catching up with the need, and you can actually change the parameters of these diseases In a really meaningful way. We had tried as part of the millennial challenge to develop an ultrasound, because one of the worst parts of the millennial challenge was breech birth. So we wanted to do an ultrasound that could just do wand, just take a midwife and a wand and say red or green. Yeah. Turned out a decade ago, that cost $ 20, 000 to do just because it was so hard. Now, you can do it four thousand bucks, right. So the technology changes in what you can do. I would just add to that. Over the course of my career We gave money to too big not for profits inside the us one was secondary education for the purpose of teaching stem to inner city high schools and the other one was community health right so those two things i can tell you after 35 years of watching i'm not you know despite all the great efforts we had I'm not sure we ever moved the needle on secondary education. It is so hard and so complicated, but there wasn't one intercetic clinic that we gave mind to that didn't do better, because of it. So I will just add to the point to say, emerging health Community health, developing health, not only is the need there, but I actually think you can move the needle faster there than you can in climate and all these other things. Jeff [ UNKNOWN ] thanks so much, great to have you here. Good to see you again, thanks. Good to see you Allen.

Every Business Is a Health Care Business

Collective Health’s Jeff Immelt explains.


First up, I'm gonna ask Dr. Florian Otto, the co- founder and CEO of Cedar, to come to the stage and make his presentation. Welcome, Florian, do you have your clicker? [ MUSIC ] We're gonna have someone- We don't have the clicker, maybe if I just ask to [ UNKNOWN ] forward the slides Okay, yeah, thanks everyone for inviting me here. And thanks again for this kind of introduction. And I'm here to talk about how Cedar is humanizing this. Thank you, this entire experience in healthcare. And before we get started, I'd like all of you to think about your last visit to the doctor or the hospital. And please focus there on the experience in the beginning and then post discharge. I can maybe share a story on what happened to my fiancee a few years ago. So she fainted and needed to go to the emergency room. Swiped her credit card for the co- payment, checked in bunch of papers. And then 30 days after discharge, actually the billing nightmare began. So she got a stack of paper with a lot of strange codes on it. She couldn't really understand that. Another month later, she got from the imaging center kind of similar stuff. Bunch of paper, didn't understand it and half a year later A debt collector called her and said, you didn't pay your lab bill. She never, ever received this bill. So what did she do? She totally lost confidence and trust in this healthcare provider. Sounds familiar? Happens all the time. And that's why we started [ UNKNOWN ]. So now imagine a world where going to the healthcare provider is as easy and as simple It's buying your latte at Starbucks, shopping on Expedia, or making your purchases on Amazon. We all agree about personalized medicine, every human being is different. However on the administrative experience there's still a one size fits all approach. Everybody gets the same treatment. Seeder is humanizing this entire experience, and it's the connection between the patient and the healthcare system, being the peer and the provider. Imagine the world where it's easy to check in to the doctor as it is into your airline. You can pay directly with Apple Pay, your co- payment, You can directly review your bill after the visit. You can get an estimate charges and if you still have questions, there's a 24- hours support line that has a chat functionality. So we gear towards a world where the patient is in the center of the health care system. Patients are the most vulnerable when they are sick or when they are injured. And nobody should have this except billing nightmares my fiance had a few years ago. We believe into a future where the people can really focus on getting healed and improving their health. Rather than dealing with all of these unneccessary billing and administrative experience. Perfect. Beautiful. Thank you very much. Quick question as a follow up, I'm curious as you were developing your idea in the payment system. If you studied any other industries, if there were analogies there that informed you or that we should know about. Yeah, thanks Ellen. It's actually a very interesting question, I mean there have been a lot of industry disruptive by technology. And I think healthcare has taken a little bit longer but a very good industry analogy to you, and probably everybody has [ UNKNOWN ] airline. It's actually terrible to compare yourself with airline, the airlines [ UNKNOWN ] customer friend industry. However, they really did a good job I think In getting this offline experience to an online good experience. So wherever you're right now, I want to purchase your flight online. You can do it mobile, you can check in to your flight, you can change your seats, and then print your boarding pass, not in paper anymore, but you have it direct digitally. And you get on the aircraft, it's actually a pretty bad experience, right? Peanuts pretzels, it's the only question you get, right? And then after discharge. From the from the only after, it's actually, I would say a good experience you know exactly on where your mile status is you can do follow up and so on. And that's where we want to bring right now the healthcare experience as well. So it should be on the digital side, as seamless as Booking your flight online and using the aircraft industry. All right, now we're gonna hear from the crowd. You ready? So question number one. Does this startup's technology seem ready to scale? I think we've got 15 seconds for this one starting now. Please vote [ MUSIC ] [ LAUGH ] All right. [ LAUGH ] All right, good feedback. Question number two, would you invest in this startup? Fifteen seconds starting now. [ MUSIC ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ] All right so we're gonna have some interesting conversations over cocktails I think. [ BLANK_AUDIO ]. So, Alice Zhang, I'm gonna ask you to come on up the chief executive officer virgin genomics. [ MUSIC ]. Welcome. You got three minutes starting now. [ MUSIC ]. [ BLANK_AUDIO ]. I first started verge four years ago. When I started realizing how broken drug discovery is. It's still largely a guessing game. But we're in this really amazing moment in time right now where advances in genomics and AI are really creating an opportunity to take that guesswork out of drug discovery. And so at Verge we filled a full stack AI drug company. What means is that we have not only the front end of our own machine learning platform, but also our own in- house drug discovery labs, and animal facilities. We generate all of our own internal proprietary patient data by sequencing thousands of human brains. And then mining that data to find genes that are causing disease. We've built a robust portfolio of a dozen drugs and development in five different diseases, with our first drug hitting the clinic at the end of next year. Importantly, we test all of our predictions in our labs to generate a huge amount of biological validation data That then feeds back in to our platform, and continues to retrain our algorithms so that they improve in efficiency, power, and accuracy with each turn of the wheel and with each subsequent disease. [ BLANK_AUDIO ] Our first use case has been ALS. Which is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder that results in complete paralysis. Because these patients usually only have three years to live, most of them won't get the drugs that they need. Excitingly using our platform, we've already discovered several promising drugs for this disease. I'm about to show you a video of three mice with ALS. You can see here that they're starting to loss their ability to walk. They're having trouble staying in this rotating wheel. When we give this same three mice a [ INAUDIBLE ] predicted entirely [ INAUDIBLE ] AI platform We can actually restore their ability to walk again allowing them to stay on the wheel for longer. What's most exciting about this is that it's actually just one of multiple drugs we're developing in one of multiple diseases. At Vert our ultimate vision is to help enable a world Where we can find drugs for every human disease out there without an available treatment. Thank you. Beautiful job. Thank you. [ APPLAUSE ]. As a quick follow up, I was wondering if we could learn a little bit more about this lab. And what kind of data are you collecting and how does that how does it impact your AI studies? Thank you. So, first, we believe that one of the big applications of AI in biology are fundamentally different. Because there's this huge missing data problem, right? We simply don't understand a lot of how our bodies work or how biology works. And so that's why it's critical that we can't treat AI like a Black Box, we have to be able to have infrastructure to not only validate our findings but also to feed that data back in and retrain the algorithms. Because if you don't have enough data, it's irrelevant. How sophisticated your algorithms are if you can't actually properly train them and learn from the right types of data. Okay, beautiful, ready to vote? Question number one, does this startup's technology seem ready to scale? 15 seconds starting now. [ MUSIC ] Okay, good feedback. And number two, would you invest in this startup if you had an unlimited pool of money. [ LAUGH ] [ MUSIC ] Looks like people want to invest, thank you so much for voting. So, up next we have Dave Hodgson, co- founder and CEO of Project Ronin. Welcome. [ MUSIC ] Dave, you've got three minutes starting now. Thank you very much. Good afernoon everybody, I didn't bring slides. I just wanted to talk to you I'm Dave Fortune, I am the co founder of project ronin. Imagine an AI powered cancer intelligence system that learns every moment the very best treatment strategy for patient and go in with cancer and delivers those insights directly to the decision at the point of care so they can make the most. Informed, precise decision around care strategy that you possibly can. This is project running together with my co- founders Larry Ellison, David Eggers and Rowan Chapman. Two years ago we became pretty motivated and uphold, sorry state of cancer care, and we had to create a company to go address it. Cancer's a very, very important issue to us. There are at least 18 million new diagnoses worldwide per year. That's set to rise to somewhere around 20 million around 2030. And the amount spent on cancer is in the hundreds and billions of dollars. It's an absolute terrible epidemic. And thankfully there are a lot of treatments on their way. There are at least 1, 000 new therapies in cancer pipelines and drug R and D pipelines right now, and more markers and more therapies coming. But this is overwhelming the oncologists. So, oncologists, just like any other physician, are horribly burned out and getting worse And the EHR is not their friend, they have absolutely failed to help deal with this disease. Which is in fact thousands of diseases, just with one common name. So that complexity has 100 % overwhelmed the system, and new solutions are needed. So what we created at Project Ren has three integrated parts. First, we spent thousands of hours with physicians watching how they diagnose, watching how they think. And we reinvented a dashboard for them to visualize every piece of available data rendered in context for that patient right there in the appointment. So there's a dashboard that shows every available piece of data from the EHR, and other support information, like the care guidelines, available clinical trials, and other things. And then what this does is really have the efficiency of the physician diagnose, understand and plot a treatment pathway for their, for their patient. What we did in addition is building predictive models of disease. We actually started with some precedent and models that we licensed from the Cleveland Clinic. And we started building our own. We were thankful to get some great data sets, and we started building out some amazing models that show for this particular patient what the most likely outcomes is to occur given different treatment choices. And then third, we wanna have the patient be a first- class citizen in the whole system, so we built an entire engagement system for them, including a symptom management app and a whole AI- empowered Chapel. And so, those pieces come together. In the dashboarding form, the clinician for predictive models that can help guide. There's some treatment passage decisions, and then further include the patient in that, including symptom management and so forth. We've been very, very fortunate to have such a Draw from the market with this. We're working one of the biggest, largest [ UNKNOWN ] right now, and we have several other hospitals and payer systems who are signing up and we are running implementation right now. Perfect, beautiful. Right up to the wire, thank you. So Dave, given all things considered and you get all the money, and funding, and partnerships that you need, where do you see the project running in five years? Our dream is that every oncologist in the world would have access to this platform to practice better care. Really, we really want to drive ubiquity of access to all that information. So all those patients could get the very best care possible. Okay, beautiful. Thank you very much. Thank you. Forgetting the fact that there are some very high profile cofounders right in the room with us today, let's vote. Question one, does this startup's technology seem ready to scale? 15 seconds starting now. [ MUSIC ] Beautiful. And number two, would you invest in this startup? If you haven't already. [ LAUGH ] [ MUSIC ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ]. Good to know. So last and definitely not least i would like to invite Dr. Tim Junio the Co founder and CEO of Expanse to the stage. [ MUSIC ] Thank you so much. Also going to speak with you, no slides. So Tim Junio, Co- founder CEO of Expanse. I started my career working at CIA and my company now does network security. So usually when I show up there's bad news. I actually have an optimistic message for today which is I think we see a path forward to release substantial improvements in cyber security. So I think I'm the only company that's not a healthcare specific company but we are doing business with major healthcare companies. Help defend patients data places like signal and [ UNKNOWN ] and electric property for companies like [ UNKNOWN ] organ. So the central problem that we are observing across large organization and small organization around the world basically everybody Can be understood with a simple metaphor, which is if you think about large- scale infrastructure in the world, like walking down the street, what's the experience like for what's actually making the world function? Everything you see above the street is nice, clean, pretty When you go below the street level, you've got cesspools, you've got old infrastructure, you have subways that haven't been updated in a really long time. That's kind of how the global Internet is today, where most information technology across companies around the world were first acquired in the 90s. Maybe had some upgrades in the 2000s. But fast forward to where we are today. We've got decrepit junk that's beneath the surface that people try to hide behind a firewall. So the era of digital transformation that has led to a lot of gains, including in health care across what we're doing clinically with EHR. Surgical robots, drug discovery. In every area, healthcare has been changed by information technology, but the world hasn't cut up in the ability to monitor what's actually happening. So with expenses doing a centralizing all of that information for all of our customers, and doing that at planetary scale So to figure out what's actually out there that customers don't know about, what is that old infrastructure that's hanging around? That could be a database server somebody left up, it could be commercial cloud infrastructure, an AWS that you don't know about, that one of your engineers or some other developer put in a commercial Hosting facility. What we do is, index literally every device connected to the internet every hour, and then notify our customers when we see anything that shows up that looks like them anywhere on Earth. So, what that does is, give you the ability to consolidate what's happening across your network surface area, and bring it back under control when things happen that shouldn't So if you imagine for any organization what that means, we can give you a single dashboard delivered in a web browser that tells you literally every device that's connected to the internet at any moment in time, and whether or not their security risks associated with them Thank Lord, Yeah. So Tim you are also Good business. I know right? You are also a co- founder? Yea co- founder and CEO. Could you tell us a little bit about how you found each other, your other co- founders and how you divide up your roles .>��� Thank you for the question. My co- founders and I met at DARPA Where we develop cyber capabilities for the military. So when we started the company we were going to build a commercial software product, we set out to just make a planetary skills, cyber operational technology for the military and then we realized almost by accident To crap, there is all this critical infrastructure that's exposed. And when we started showing that to people in government, and there is no other capability to find and remediate those problems, we realized we were on to something powerful. So that's when we decided to raise venture capital. Peter Teal was the first investor in our company. And over the last three years have been selling to the major companies I described as well as financial services etc. I guess I became CEO because my cofounder and I, Matt, coauthored the White Paper, inventing this platform. And Matt is a bit of a mumbly technical dude, so here I am. Thank you so much. Excelent, wonderful, thank you so much. Okay, final vote Slido questions number one, does this startup technology seem ready to scale? Peter Thiel thinks so. [ MUSIC ] Okay, and number two, would you invest in this startup? Starting now. [ MUSIC ] So for our four entrepreneurs, how do you feel about presenting? It may [ UNKNOWN ] good, yes, good? Good conversations with everybody here? I can tell you from as a reporter and as a [ UNKNOWN ] entrepreneur, it means so much that you came today to share what you're working on, to make sure that we could be [ UNKNOWN ] in the future, I hope to be writing cover stories about each of you one day. Thank you much for being here. [ APPLAUSE ] > And thank you voting and giving your feedback in your mind share.

Transforming the Future of Health Care

These startups want to keep all of your health data safe.


Brainstorm Health 2019: How The Global Fund Saved 27 Million Lives

27 million. That’s how many lives have been saved by The Global Fund in its quest to end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. 

if you are one of the personal, most vulnerable people in the world, whether that's a child in Marley, uh, mother in a rocking a refugee camp in Bangladesh, a mind working an illegal mine in Zambia, a teenage girl in Malawi. One of the events in 2019 that is language have most impact on your and your family's health is the replenishment off the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria. We fund on a three year cycle. On this year we have a replenishment conference, which President Macron will host in Lille, where we are going to off done a around the world for at least $14 billion to fund the next three years of programming. It's a little smaller man. It's actually 15% more than we raised in the last replenishment off the global fund. But it's what we need if we are going to be serious about delivering on our mission, which is put simply, end the epidemics off AIDS, TB and malaria. The Global fund has bean extraordinarily successful. It's been an incredible partnership off public sector, private sector of civil society, and I say that without claiming any credit, because I've only been there for 12 months, but it's unfinished business and we have had more success in saving lives. 27 million. Then we have in reducing infections. Infections have come down, but not by nearly enough to put us on track to ending the epidemic as fast as we want to, which is by 2030. To give you a flavor off the skeletal challenge, let me just take you through each of the diseases HIV in the countries in which we invest. There are some 19 million people on anti retroviral treatment thing, about 19 million people who would otherwise not be alive. However, there's one and 1/2 1,000,000 people getting infected every year and country to most people supposition. Actually, the most likely next person together infected by HIV is an adolescent go adolescent girl in particularly eastern and southern Africa, 58 times more likely than an adolescent boy the same age to get infected. We're talking about 1000 a day dealing with this means going way beyond the narrow by medical. We're dealing with deep structural, gender inequalities, sexual violence, economic disadvantage, economic, educational environment. So we have the global fund Uh doing all sorts of things we are working with. Schools were actually paying girls to stay in school. We're working on a whole range of issues around the economic empowerment of young women. But we have to scale it up at the moment when no reaching nearly as many women as we need to and the demographics of running away with us. The number of five year old girls in a country like Zambia is almost 50% more than number 15 year old, So we keep the same rates of infection. We're gonna end up with a disaster. TV TV is now the world's biggest killer among infectious diseases. It's the least fashionable of the diseases is the one that tracks least money. The problem. There is easy to summarize. Roughly 10 million people a year full ill with TB on the 6.4 million get diagnosed and treated. You don't have to be a fantastic epidemiologist toe workout that if you've got 3.6 million people wandering around with a highly infectious disease, you're nothing control of the epidemic. And there's a nasty version. MDR TB, multi drug resistant TB off the nearly 600,000 people with drug resistant TB only about 1/4 off, um, are diagnosed and treated mainly by the global fund. We have to step up our game in fighting TB and then malaria. Malaria is in many ways one of the great success stories off global health. In the last decade or so, death from Malaya, which is largely Children and pregnant women, have roughly haul. And that's been primarily due to the Rolex off insecticide impregnated bread net alongside other tools. Cheap diagnostics, cheap treatments. But actually, malaria is a good news bad news story. We have a whole bunch of countries that are well on the way toward eliminating malaria, and every year new countries get sort of Haider's malaria free. In 2018 it was his Pakistan and Paraguay, but in the highest burden places. We are doing enough to save more lives every year. But we're not doing enough to actually break the transmission dynamic between mosquitoes and humans. And actually, the number of cases in the highest burden places is going up again. If we're serious about beating malaria, a disease we know has a beat, we can kill. We have to step up our game to step up fine. We know that beating this disease is not just a bank disease, specific interventions. We have to build the overall system. So we are also investing very heavily in health systems. In fact, TV what kind of idea of the scale of what the global fund is doing. We are the second largest investor on HIV after PEPFAR. We are the largest investor in malaria, where 60% of external assistance on Clara. We are the largest investor on tuberculosis, where 2/3 of all external assistance. And we are also the largest provider off grant to low income countries for health systems development. One of the things we're investing very heavily on his supply chains. We don't just build supply chains for a TB and malaria. We do it on an essential medicines basis building supply chains for the entire country. This one here is in most beak. It's a bit disrupted at the moment following the cyclone. Um, but having resilient supply chains, having workforce, having data systems, having national hands, these are a ll, the component parts that we need to build infrastructure in capacity to make things happen. I typically, um D'oh! My presentation about the global fund with a lot of numbers about incident, about infection rates, about resistance and all that sort of stuff. But, um, I always think it's important to come back from that. Fundamentally, the work of the Global fund is about people. People like this mother here who called the Alfa who I met in Ethiopia in November. She had been living on the streets of added and was brought in by a community health work out. She was pregnant. She was HIV positive when I met her, her son Yem Waas, eight months old and HIV negative. She had Bean given a place to live. She had been teamed up with a bunch of experience. Mothers who were sort of mother mental help her through the process off being treated and ensuring that our child didn't become HIV positive. She was transformed. She was so excited to talk about Yem, who as a shed was her joy, her purpose, the source of her community. And I think when one talks about the Global Fund, it's very easy to talk about big numbers. But actually it comes down to these individuals. So finally, my art to you. One of you are in polls. In health care, you have fantastic assets, capabilities, knowledge we need on. We work with all sorts of partners around the world. If you can help bring these three diseases the biggest epidemic of the 20th 21st century, which has killed nearly 40 million people, eh? The disease that is killing most people now TB, the disease that has probably killed more than any other in human history. Malaria. We have the opportunity to bring these to an end. So we're very happy if we can partner with beverage providers, restaurant chains, banks, logistic supplies. I'm sure we can partner with you. And lastly, you are all citizens of various countries, including here in the U. S. You have influential voices when it comes to matters off health care. Over the next few months, all your governments, including this one here will be making big decisions about how much money they put into the global fund. Use your voice this way.

Leanne, as you know I'm fascinated by your work, but for those of you who don't know, tell us what is precision mental health treatment. And how is technology deepening our understanding of mental health, and how we both treat it and prevent it? So first of all, it's a great pleasure to be here and share these new insights that we are developing through the research. And I believe it will transform the way that we understand mental health. So the idea of precision health applied to mental health is that Your own brain is really your best asset and that currently how we actually understand health and mental health. It's very, very fragmented. So, with the infants we have developed a way of quantifying how your brain actually functions. How you manage to regulate your own emotions, your thoughts. How you determine your decisions, and how that optimizes your everyday function. And thus we can understand the continuum of when that actually breaks down. So the precision comes largely from being able to measure something that has been inaccessible. And secondarily from understanding when we move from a healthy state of stress to one of uncontrollable and unpredictable and therefore the brain becomes disrupted and is a way to actually deploy these enzymes in to actions and those actions can be earlier detection Earlier tailoring of treatments when needed. And I think one really important truth that we've seen is, if you have a way to actually understand your own brain in action, and to measure it, it's very empowering, and it gives you a way to make [ UNKNOWN ] More immediate choices and move upstream as we've talked about. And it's also way to breakdown some of the stigma that we have around mental health because it makes it tangible. Catherine, I have it on good authority that many people in the audience who are far too close to their phone. [ LAUGH ] What Immediate steps, what we call Thrive Microsteps would you recommend to help them deal with that relationship? You and I feel that you are in many ways like the girlfriend who comes up and tells us, that guy? Forget it, he's no good for you. Except you're now telling all of us, that phone, forget it, too much of it is not good for you, so tell us. I felt more like a couple's therapist a lot of the timeand actually, cuz a lot of people would say, I'm okay but what about my boyfriend, girlfriend, partner, spouse? So [ LAUGH ] I think one of the most important- I gave a few suggestions this morning but I'd like to clarify that when I say break up with your phone, I don't mean throw away your phone or give it up completely. I mean, just as you would a human relationship, you actually want to find something that's healthy and that feels good right. So to clarify that. But that speaks to a bigger point which is that I think we tend to think about these two, all or nothing. We think it's either all good or all bad. You can even see this in Apple's new screen time feature, which lets you see the amount of time you spend on your phone. It acts like all screen time is the same. Which is really weird to me from a business perspective because it's Apple saying that its product is bad. So that's weird. Because if you think about it, time spent in an Instagram spiral is very different from time you spend on Google maps trying to get to this conference. So I say that because I think a lot of people tend to put up a little world and then they think no they're totally fine. To which I say like just cuz everybody else around you [ LAUGH ] Sounding fun all the time, does not mean it's normally okay. And second as you come in this room, almost playful attitude or curiosity about what do you love about your phone cuz they're truly amazing. What doesn't feel so great and you wanna keep who you love And minimize what you don't. And the answer to how to do that for every single person is gonna be different which is fine. So I recommend asking yourself that question, what do you love, what do you not love so much? What do you kinda love but then feel gross afterwards like junk food? And then start by experimenting the steps to minimize the [ UNKNOWN ] that are not so good Recognizing that nothing has permanent when comes to your phone. Facebook not gonna lose your data if you delete the app, right? You can do that and then reinstall it ten minutes later if you want to, it's totally fine you're just trying to find something that works for you. So they having this non- judgemental attitude is actually without recommend. Starting with, you have to have that framework in mind to have a positive goals image in earlier before you start to implement more granular changes like, rearranging the apps on your home screen so that you don't you have temptations, your phone should be a tool not a temptation Things like that or getting a standalone alarm clock, or getting a watch, things like that are useful when they put in a broader context when you know what you're positive goal is. Cuz otherwise, you'll rely on will power, and will power will get you nowhere when it comes to having change. Great, I'm very glad here for reminding us that will power Doesn't go very far at all. Now, as a resident, we learn it along this panel. You actually have lived your entire life absolutely surrounded and sometimes drowning in this world of social media. You have done something about it. You have launched 20 and you can tell us where the name came from. And to actually deal with the unintended consequences into cars respond. There is an awful lot of good stuff. We are only addressing here the unintended consequences. Well, first of all, I'm very excited to be here. Thank you so much. And for those of you who don't know, Ariana is actually on the board of Twenty. We're super privileged to have her. She's a wonderful entrepreneur and shares the same mission and vision of what we're trying to do to help people balance their relationship with technology. I think Catherine, you said something really important, which is It's not about trying to figure out how you throw out the baby with the bath water, right? How do you really focus on those positive outcomes, and how do you use technology to drive those positive outcomes? So 20, to answer your question, the name comes from kinda the colloquialism which is what's your 20, where are you? And the way the app works is really about showing you where your friends are and who's physically available to actually meet up with you in real life. So the focus of our product is really, how do we optimize for face- to- face human interaction, versus just digital connection? And I think some of the stats that have been important to us when we started the company was You look at teens today versus 20 years ago spend roughly half as much time with their friends in real life as they did outside of school. You also see, over the last few years, people spending obviously an inordinate amount of time being digitally coordinated and obviously some of the correlation between people spending so much time online. And that reduction in time in real life. And also, what we see is that when people are together and have real human connection and all the mental health advantages that come from that are completely clear and unequivocal. Leon, I spend literally some of my time every day talking to people about your work. And because we also like it to have developed this partnership with you, I thrive to take your work and create Programs based on your work to take into companies to address the problem of mental health among their employees even before mental health symptoms have emerged, which actually makes it much easier because if you address it as a stress and burn out problem, everybody is going to. Acknowledge that they are stressed and burned out. If you say come Sado can help you with your depression and anxiety, a lot of people are not going to come forward. And I would love now to ask you to explain what are the foundational principles of your work, on which our programs are based? And And The Hilton Hotel actually are one of our first partners. They're going to be bringing your work the way thrive have done into workshops into to all of their employees. So immediately we're going to start seeing the impact of all the academic degrees that you have done. But please. Walk us through, instead of me walking everybody through it as I do. I would love to share a couple of examples which I think may make it more tangible. As background to that though, the examples I'm giving you are based on that foundations that you're describing which means that Over the past several decades, what we've done is used functional imaging, so an MRI that takes snapshots of your brain in action. So for example, over five minutes, it'll take multiple snapshots, which continue actually what you Brain is doing. And we built up thousands and thousands of those datasets and then also over the last ten years, I've run the first international trial to take that information and ask how well does it do, in explaining the variation that we have in predicting treatment outcomes. That those data sets have now been accelerated in terms of our interpretation in the same way that the Human Genome Project did. And there is a project called the Human Connectome Project that we're part of, which is mapping in the extraordinary detail [ BLANK_AUDIO ] The human brain, and that gives us a way to actually have an entry point into understanding mental wellness. How are we functioning? And then right through to if we do experience burnout and that that becomes untreated and eventually turns into a disease of depression that is like a stage four cancer. So the example to give you is one of the people who was taking part in the research is an example of how these experiences don't discriminate. He was incredibly productive person, a CEO He'd been a CEO for nine years, he was at the point in scaling up his company, and he had decided that he could no longer cope. So he had a point one day of saying, I can't actually get into the office, and He ended up coming totally coincidentally into our study because he happened to hear the time on the radio an advertisement for our study and he said I haven't heard these concepts of brain health before. So he come to see us and he just described his story of over nine years. What you would interpret as a gradual development of [ UNKNOWN ] where at first it was stressed that was challenging and exciting and built his resilience as he built the company and he was excited to go in each day. And then as they were accumulated stresses that felt uncontrollable He more and more had to find ways to cope differently. And he described basically going home and collapsing every night in order to force himself to get back to work the next day. And ultimately he came to the decision he had to quit. In between he experienced The current situation that we all have probably had some experience of. Which was who do I see about this problem? I try my family doctor, I try psychology, psychiatrist and there was just a try and error process. And what we know is that only about 30 % of people will Do well on the first intervention. When he saw us, we scanned his brain and he had a way that the normal emotional function of your brain occurs, he had a basically a short circuit, that we call negativity bias. All of us are prone to noticing negative things, we need to. We need to in order to manage risk. His negative emotion [ UNKNOWN ] becomes so overactive it was stuck. And that meant that every single action that he was making, and every decision, was effortful and literally exhausting his brain. And as a consequence of having that That map of his experience, we could actually guide him to a whole different kind of intervention. So he now several years later is doing really well. He said it felt like a miracle, he had his life back from understanding, and from the right intervention. And since that time we've identified now at least eight different ways that you have types of disruption. And one I know you describe beautifully is a rumination brain as well. Well yes, because what is so interesting is once you identify these different pathways that lead to depression and anxiety, you can intervene at earlier and earlier stages So if you identify negative bias [ UNKNOWN ] as the pathway that even check will lead to depression or anxiety, you can [ UNKNOWN ] it's an incredibly exciting discovery. Because after all, the whole essence of what we are trying to do over the last two days here is to intervene at an earlier and earliest stage And therefore prevent that growth of all these diseases. And now Catherine, you have addressed that. When it comes to children, which is of course one of the earliest life stages we need to intervene. And you have a great study that you describe about the impact of the steel face. We focus a lot on what is the impact of addiction on the children, their own addictions to their phones but you've identified how the impact of their parents addictions to their phones is affecting them. Yes, so one of the inspiration for writing my book was my own experience when I had a baby. I've had I've done mindfulness training. I'd like to think of myself as pretty self aware. But I had these moments of realizing that she was looking at me the middle of night and I was looking down at my phone. And it really made me upset because I realized I don't want that to be her impression. Shouldn't be human relationship and I also don't want it to be how I'm experiencing motherhood. Because what's the point of like living your life if you're not living your life you're just looking at- in my case, antique doorknobs on eBay and it's a true story. [ LAUGH ] I have plenty of doorknobs on my nobs- on my doors. Anyway. But I'm also a science journalist by training and something was going on at the back of my mind where it made me think of something that I had heard of before. And it occurred to me, it was something called the still- face experiment, which is an experiment I recommend Googling if you want to get teary any point today. It'll be the person that comes out a short clip. And it was an experiment where the researchers had Parents interact normally with the baby for one minute and then they said, All right, we want you to be completely still faced and not have any emotional response at all. For just one minute and watching it is so painful because this baby goes through all of these stages of what's going on and the guy narrates it as it goes or what's going on and understand start screaming trying to get out of its restraint like in its little seat So it's making these animalistic sounds like screeching sounds. And then it snaps back and the mother is like, it's okay, it's okay. And it's very moving. And what I realize is that, when it comes to our phones with our babies, I mean their eyes are developed so that they can focus just as far as their parents face. So that they can establish human connection and learn how to relate with humans. So, what does it mean that we are all essentially still facing our children? And that is what I was doing to my own daughter. So, to me, that was a really big wake up call that made me realize how important this is from a very early age to be aware of how we're interacting with our phones around our babies. And basically in a sense everything you are doing now with 20 is acknowledging this key importance of human connection. So tell us some of the implementations of 20, like what you are doing on college campuses. How is it spreading? Sure. Yeah. And I would say the main focus and metric that we optimize for is how many real life experiences we drive as a result of the platform. And in the last month on a handful of college campuses, we seen 25, 000 resulted as a byproduct of people using the platform and most of our testing the data is really been around college campuses. In college students and we see that what's really unique about 20 is you can actually share anything you've done in the past, right? You only can share what you're doing now, and what you're planning do in the future, which one is obviously meets the functional need of trying to meet up with friends in real life. And secondly, it reduces some of those social comparison issues that come along with traditional social media where I see some amazing highlight or something you did. Last night I'm focused on that and how that reflects and relates to me when I'm currently doing. How do actually we engage, how do we actually resolve more real life human connections as a result of people using the product. And you know what's interesting is the more people live in Silicon Valley Know about the unintended consequences of these inventions. The more they protect the children and themselves from their use. So exactly what you're saying about the real human interactions So often if you go to a party in the valley there will be a sign in the front that says no social media allowed. And these are the people who brought us that world. But they know that, hey, if this is going to interfere with real human connections, don't do it. And in a sense what you are doing is kind of encouraging that to happen and to also make us aware of what we're losing when it's not a big part of our lives. And the same with children, again, the shift towards having more and more Interactions with chickens and Legos rather than iPads and iPhones. [ LAUGH ] So, if we bring all that together, let's just end with a few seconds from each one of you as we are under a minute. And are you optimistic? Absolutely! Yes. And for me, it is just the sheer acceleration of our insights, so, from understanding the brain, the fact that we now have the capacity to deal with the volume of data that we derive from those measures and that the national dialogue has changed. Like it's now possible to talk about these problems and tackle them. So yes. Catherine, I'm optimistic and pessimistic. The more I learned the more I get freaked out is the pessimistic part. It's a big deal, guys is not trivial. It's changing our brains says big deal. But I'm optimistic that this is becoming something we're talking about, and that there's more of an emphasis on just what you're doing. I mean, facilitating real life conversations and interactions. Yeah, I'm very optimistic. I think everyone at 20, at our company, we're really highly passionate about using technology to drive positive outcomes. And I think the technology exists, and the awareness exists that this is a problem, and the demand exists that people do wanna meet up with in real life And now I'm optimistic because you all exist and because you're doing what you're doing. Thank you so much. Thank you. [ APPLAUSE ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ]

Balancing Technology When Addressing Mental Health

How technology can help diagnose mental disorders sooner, identify optimal treatments faster and ultimately help more people lead healthier lives.

How to Live a Healthier Life Before Problems Arise 

Arianna Huffington moderates a panel discussing proactive ways to improve our health. 

How Tech Companies Are Tackling Women's Reproductive Health

A discussion on fertility issues and how startups are working together toward improving women’s health. 

Watch eighteen-year-old Darrius Simmons, born with three fingers on his right hand and just one on his left, perform an original composition for the Brainstorm Health attendees, and discuss overcoming obstacles with Arianna Huffington.

Brainstorm Health 2019: A Special Performance and Interview with Darrius Simmons

please welcome Dario Semen. Everybody doing tonight? That good? I'm good. Um, I'm glad to have opportunity to come out and play for this event. I wrote this song that I made. Dreams are forever about sometime last year. I've worked on it for a couple months because just put in the song together. It got bugger running, mate. We'll talk about it. So, um, I'm just having him able to share what you got. So you got enjoy. Wait, wait. You are truly an inspiration to all of us here and to everyone in the world who thinks they have an obstacle to big to overcome. You know that. I'm sure. So all of us want to know. How did you do it? How did you learn to play with three fingers in one end and one finger in the other practice? I practice a lot. Just e. I mean, because it's difficult. OK, so if you get a piano teacher, right, E nine times out of 10 he got fingers, like, nine times out of it. Well, uh, you like it's kind of hard for somebody to teach you, because then they got to go from what they but learning for like 20 years and flipped the whole script and be like, well, dirty. So I just have been complicated, so I never really, um, tried to take the lessons. I just I always did it by myself. So I have a message to all of us. Did you ever get discouraged? Like when we get this carriage? Can you tell us what you did when you got discouraged? No, I never got the skirt because I feel like you. That's amazing. I feel like when you get scared, that's when you feel when you get the stars and when you stop, do you only compare when you stop doing something, You only could succeed when you keep drawing? Maybe way really wanted you to be here tonight, not just because you're an amazing pianist and an inspiration to all of us, but because this conference is about the combination off data and humanity, and we all talk a lot about data and a I and the amazing innovations possible by machine learning. But you are demonstrating the power of our hearts and our souls and of music. So that's my last question, because everybody's hungry. When did you fall in love with music And what does music mean to you? I feel a new unlevel music at a young age because I just felt you could tell a story to music as I'm trying to do. Or you could just pull your emotions into music. Music, to me is everything I feel like if the world didn't have music Ah, lot of things would be going on like I just like music is just overall way to express yourself when you don't have the words for it. So, Darius, you fell in love with music. We fell in love with you tonight. Thank you so much. And I also want to send your grandfather and James Williams sweets with us in the audience. Thank you both. So

Deep Medicine, your new book, and it is extraordinary. I'm gonna hold it as tightly as I can, so they can get a close shot on this, all right. The two takeaways that I have are, one, the one that might be expected, which is AI is gonna change everything in medicine. The second takeaway was much more surprising, which is you're optimistic about it. And your argument is that it will actually, the AI tools that we'll have, will give actually more time for doctor patient interaction, more time for humanity, more times for doctors to practice old type of medicine. Right, and that's really the key. I think The more short term story is, as you say, the augmentation of performance, the accuracy, speed, listening costs of care, but the bigger picture is if we can really work on giving this gift of time. The decompression, the liberation of keyboards, and getting rid of data clerk functions of doctors and clinicians And all the other things that, make their lives easier, at the same time giving patients their data, algorithmic support, and so out further decompressing the role of doctor. So all that effort can then get us to what we've been missing for decades now. Which is the true care, in healthcare. So I think you make a really compelling case for that in the book, but what's surprising about it is that the progression of medicine with more and more technology has given us, has taken us here where the average doctor visit is now eleven minutes and even that. Most of it is spent looking at a screen or filling out EHR, electronic health records. So why do we think it's gonna change this time? Well, actually that's my biggest fear [ UNKNOWN ], is that if we don't take an activist role and we just let administrators continue to squeeze which is put us to the peak, burn out and depression among clinicians in history. Right. If we don't know, and if we don't use this time to turn back inwards, Then we will have further squeeze and things could actually get worse. So it's now is the time to take this remarkable improvement that we can get, extract out of the world of deep learning with all these data which no human being could actually really assimilate all of it And now we can really rev up that accuracy and get rid of so many error which is a big problem. But that's not the, the real story, I mean the one that I think is, that is possible, that is [ UNKNOWN ] informative but will require tremendous amount of effort. It won't happen, the default mode will be things will get worse So, I mean, you talked a lot about the sort of augmenting of human intelligence here we've heard that phrase a lot augmented intelligence, but when you describe it you're saying things like radiologists will have, you know, ai deep learning algorithms will review. Thousands of radiological images and then flag ones that human will look at afterwards. There will be all sort of warning system will flag and then real human doctors will come in and make the evaluation. Yeah, I think the key point there is, we have to fess up about how bad things are now that is radiologists have a false negative rate of 32 %. Wow across all the different scan, that's a lot of missed findings like pulmonary nodules. gastric neurologist miss small ( diminutive polyps ?} all the time and that are just as pre cancerous as the bigger polyps so all these things can be improved by deep learning and machine vision and they already have been shown to so its just a matter of getting that into clinical validation and even today there has been new fda framework about that So we don't lock algorithms, but we continually take advantage of their autodidactic quality. So that's really encouraging. You know you write a lot of that. You talk about deep diet, deep mental health, deep, you know, cross the board. You looked at AI applications. What was the one that surprised you the most in your three years of research? Yeah, well, it's interesting. The deep diet thing was I mean actually did the experiment where, you know, having a right record in your phone everything you eat and drink your activity your sleep, your meditation, all this stuff plus. Your, your microbiome stool specimen, and then a glucose sensor for two weeks. And I did this output of a based on an algorithm of thousands of people that was put together by the Weizmann Institute, Aaron Siegel and colleagues in Israel. And it was a big surprise because all these foods that I would never go near where the ones I got the A ratings. And the ones that were things that I actually like got very poor rating. But you have a specific issue which is kidney stones. And so there was a diet, this wasn't just an exercise for you and Academic [ UNKNOWN ] when this was really affecting a very painful condition. Yeah we'll see that's point is why we have to have algorithms that dig in this multimodal input that has lots of information. So that particular work was done without knowledge of other pre existing conditions. Right. And so when that output came. Things that are high- oxilade food, which would be bad for somebody with kidney stones, wasn't even taken into account. But the point about all this is that we finally have the absolutely proof that there's no diet for all people, that we have highly individualized response. Our glucose responds differently in each of us. Our triglycerides in the blood respond differently to the exact same foods, the exact same amount at the exact same time. Now that we know that we are on the way, with the these deep learning machine learning tools to be able to fashion bespoke diet for to promote health we're not there yet, but we're getting there but it means get working on all the data that's available. I'd love to get a question here in the audience anybody. Have some. You bring up this issue and everybody so individualized. That raises the sore of challenge that everyone is end of one, right? It's very, very expensive to sort of process to progressive medicine the way we have Without something like AI, without some preliminary vetting. Well I think you have hand on something as really very important. We won't be able to make these germs like the individualized diets, like the ability to quantify a state of mind for people with depression and [ UNKNOWN ] health conditions. If it wasn't for these really extraordinary algorithm So the deep learning has insatiable appetite for date, whereas we humans have early sotety. So we have a situation now where we can finally take this multimodal data and work with it to understand things we never did before. We've got a question right up front. Yeah. Just identify. Hi [ UNKNOWN ] the guy with the early copy. Can you tell us what you're doing [ UNKNOWN ] using AI. I know you [ UNKNOWN ] what are specifically oing yourself with the [ UNKNOWN ] issue. I Couldn't with AI why you're working in your industry to Scripps yes API key detail about what you're specifically working. Right. Sure, well we have working in genomics, to actually use deep learning to rev up the interpretation of genomes. To find which variants in a person's genome are actually connected to health and medical and also with sensors so we are a center of excellence for biosensors with Nvidia. And we're using that to work with a time series analysis of things like heart rhythm, glucose and many other wearable sensors. You talked in the book about deep medicine really being three different deeps. One is deep phenoyping, then deep learning and then deep empathy, talk a little bit about this deep phenotyping idea. Right, so that's really getting all the different information. About a person that you can to define their uniqueness, their medical essence. So isn't just their genome sequence or their micro biome or the environmental that you can quantify features but also their sensor's physiology, their scans for their anatomy, all their electronic records. When you have all that data And the corpus of the medical literature, you can do some amazing things like a virtual medical coach to promote your health. So deep phenotyping, again, involves not just today terabytes of data, but it's continuously being updated. And if we have that data and we use deep learning to To process it that's where we can get to this state of deep empathy which is what is restoring that human connection that has been largely lost .>> You know academic researchers you've gotten some phenomenal reviews in the science science journal nature the lancet. So on academic side people have really upload this our medical doctors clinicians responding to this new thesis. Well I think it's good to have some circumspection. But what we need is some hope. Right now things are really not good and so many people are not just burnt out but are retiring early. It's very common for a physicians to tell their kids, don't go in the medicine. Mm- hm. I mean, it's not a good scene and it's also remember too that with burn out, there's a doubling at least of medical errors. So it's a vicious cycle that just fosters more burn out and depression. So we gotta break that up. And so the the people I speak to I ask well, do you have another idea? How are we gonna get out of this? And I haven't heard one yet. So it's reassuring that we have a path, and that if we work on it hard, we might get To get there. Dr. Eric Topol, his book is Deep Medicine and we will back with you in just a short minute break. Thanks. Thank you. [ APPLAUSE ] [ BLANK_AUDIO ]

How to Make Medicine Personal Again

Putting the “person” back in personalized medicine. Leading physician Dr. Eric Topol shares the key takeaways from his new book.

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